1describe the net energy/output for the two stages
stage 1:cost 2 ATP and 2 G3P stage 2: get 2 NADH, 4 ATP, and 2 pyruavate
2schiff-base role in aldose
formed first in the second step and again in the end it allows intermediates to be made that allow the reaction to transpire it acts as the base and as the nuc in cases needed
3role of the thioester intermediate in G3P dehydrogenase
shows up in the 3rd step of the mechanism serves as place for a phosphate attack which allows the forming of 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate and the regeneration of the enzyme
4first irreversible step in glycolysis and it regulation
step 1 glucose turned into glucose 6-phosphate reaction type is phosphoryl transfer feedback inhibition high concentration of it product causes step 2 to stop and it’s enzyme phos…. leads to the inhibition of hexokinase
5second irreversible step in glycolysis and it regulation
step 3 fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate reaction type is phosphoryl transfer high levels of ATP allosterically inhibit the enzyme
6third irreversible step in glycolysis and it regulation
step 10 phosphoenolpyruvte to pyruvate reaction type phosphoryl transfer ATP allosteically inhibts pyruvate kinase and decrease the rate of glycolysis
7difference between hexokinase and glucokinase
glucokinase: acts a glucose sensor only present in the liver. hexokinase: present in all cells doesn’t act as a glucose sensor, is the enzyme that is involved in the first step of glycolysis
8importance of NAD+ in fermentation
it is needed for the whole reaction to take place as it gets generated in by the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and is consumed in the reduction of making of product in first 2 fates it’s regeneration is what allows for the continued process of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions
91st fate of pyruvate
can be converted into acetaldehyde and then ethanol
102nd fate of pyruvate
can be converted into lactate
113rd fate of pyruvate
can be converted into acetyl CO and then into the Kerb cycle