REL 100 EXAM #2

Identify the religion associated with each saced object:
Religions: Catholic Chrisitians, Hindus, Muslims, Ancient Israel (Judaism)
Items: The Ark of the Covenant, Bread and wine, The black stone in Ka'bah, The Ganges River

Identify the religions associated with these people their experience of the sacred:
Experiences:
Arjuna saw the god Krishna in his pure form as having countless eyes and being brighter than the light from 1000 suns
Moses heard and spoke with God in a burning bush atop Mt. Sinai
Saul saw a light flash from heaven and heard a voice speaking to him on the road to Damascus
Joseph Smith saw two "personages" of light who gave him a mission to fulfill
Baha'u'llah saw and heard a maiden of light declare him to be the "best beloved"
Religions: Mormon, Chrisitanity, Hinduism, Baha'i faith, Judaism Arjuna saw the god Krishna in his pure form as having countless eyes and being brighter than the light from 1000 suns -
Moses heard and spoke with God in a burning bush atop Mt. Sinai
Saul saw a light flash from heaven and heard a voice speaking to him on the road to Damascus
Joseph Smith saw two "personages" of light who gave him a mission to fulfill
Baha'u'llah saw and heard a maiden of light declare him to be the "best beloved"
Religions: Christianity, Mormon, Baha'i Faith, Judaism, Hinduism

Identify these sacred times with the proper religions

Sunday, especially Easter Sunday

Sundown Friday through sundown Saturday

Ramadan - the sacred month of fasting

Yom Kippur - the Day of Atonement

The spring festival of Holi
Religions: Chrisitans, Muslims, Hindus, Jews

Jerusalem is a sacred city for
A.Muslims
B. Jews, Christians and Muslims
C.Jews and Christians
D.Christians
E. Jews

The most sacred space for Muslims and place of pilgrimage is
The Ganges river in India
The Ka'bah in Mecca
The home of Muhammad in Medina
The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

What is the distinction between a hierophany and a theophany?
A hierophany is a sacred space, a theophany is a sacred object
A hierophany is hearing the voice of God, theophany is seeing God
A hierophany is the sacred manifest in nature, theophany is the sacred manifest in a person
A hierophany is a manifestation of the sacred, theophany is a manifestation of God

Which of the following is not a sacred place for Buddhists?
The place of Buddha's marriage
The place of Buddha's enlightenment
The place of Buddha's death
The place of Buddha's first sermon
The place of Buddha's birth

All forms of dualism are a conflict between good and evil
True
False

Hinduism is both a polytheism and monism
True
False

Judaism, Christianity and Islam are all examples of monotheism
True
False

Which of the following is not a part of the Christian Trinity
Father
Holy Spirit
Son
Mother

The most precise meaning of Agnostic is...
another term for an atheist
someone who believes there is no god
someone who does not know if there is or is not a god
someone who is not religious

WHAT IS POLYTHEISM?
Belief in and worship of more than one god
Belief in two co-equal and often co-eternal sacred powers
The doctrine that all that exists is God and God is all in all - God and nature being interchangeable (all is divine)
Worship of one god
Belief that there is only one, singular, impersonal ultimate reality
Belief that one God created the world but does not intervene with its functioning according to the natural laws God set up

WHAT IS DEISM:
Belief in and worship of more than one god
Belief in two co-equal and often co-eternal sacred powers
The doctrine that all that exists is God and God is all in all - God and nature being interchangeable (all is divine)
Worship of one god
Belief that there is only one, singular, impersonal ultimate reality
Belief that one God created the world but does not intervene with its functioning according to the natural laws God set up

WHAT IS MONOTHEISM:
Belief in and worship of more than one god
Belief in two co-equal and often co-eternal sacred powers
The doctrine that all that exists is God and God is all in all - God and nature being interchangeable (all is divine)
Worship of one god
Belief that there is only one, singular, impersonal ultimate reality
Belief that one God created the world but does not intervene with its functioning according to the natural laws God set up

WHAT IS MONISM:
Belief in and worship of more than one god
Belief in two co-equal and often co-eternal sacred powers
The doctrine that all that exists is God and God is all in all - God and nature being interchangeable (all is divine)
Worship of one god
Belief that there is only one, singular, impersonal ultimate reality
Belief that one God created the world but does not intervene with its functioning according to the natural laws God set up

WHAT IS PANTHEISM?
Belief in and worship of more than one god
Belief in two co-equal and often co-eternal sacred powers
The doctrine that all that exists is God and God is all in all - God and nature being interchangeable (all is divine)
Worship of one god
Belief that there is only one, singular, impersonal ultimate reality
Belief that one God created the world but does not intervene with its functioning according to the natural laws God set up

WHAT IS DUALISM?
Belief in and worship of more than one god
Belief in two co-equal and often co-eternal sacred powers
The doctrine that all that exists is God and God is all in all - God and nature being interchangeable (all is divine)
Worship of one god
Belief that there is only one, singular, impersonal ultimate reality
Belief that one God created the world but does not intervene with its functioning according to the natural laws God set up

A sacred story must be historically true in order to be meaningful
True
False

In the order they are in, list if they are true or false:
The Bible and other sacred texts, typically begin as oral tradition and do not take written form until later

Torah, the most sacred text for Jews, is the Pentatauch - the first five books of the Bible (the "Five Books of Moses")

The entire Hebrew Bible was canonized by Jesus' day

All four gospels provide a geneology of Jesus, tracing his ancestry back generations

Only two of the four gospels give an account of Jesus' conception and birth

Original manuscripts of the New Testament texts do not exist

The Quran was revealed and recorded in the 10th century CE

Hinduism and Buddhism do not have any sacred texts

Identify which texts are Hindu and which are Buddhist
Brahmanas

Diamond Sutra

Lotus Sutra

Mahabharata

Puranas

Ramayana

Tipitaka

Upanishads

Vedas

The Pali Canon is the collection of texts used by
Zen Buddhists
Nichiren Buddhists
Mahayana Buddhists
Theravada Buddhsts

What is the difference between presentational and representational symbols?
Presentational symbols are images, representational symbols are words
Presentational symbols are signs, representational symbols are analogues or metaphors
Presentational symbols are religious, representational symbols are non-religious
Presentational symbols participate or share in that which they symbolize; representational symbols are a matter of convention, where the meaning must be learned

Which Hindu text teaches the idea of karma and reincarnation, the illusion of reality, and that the there is only one absolute reality that constitutes the Real Self, identical with the human self or atman.
Upanishads
Mahabharata
Puranas
Samhitas

Which kind of creation myth can be found in the Judeo-Christian-Muslim traditions
Sexual union of a primal male and female
Emergence from a primal substance
Emergence from a cosmic egg
Creation by divine decree, out of nothing (creation ex-nihilo)
The ordering of chaos

Identify the different kinds of presentational symbols
An indicator or symptom of something unseen
Symoblic communication, symbolic use of language or images
An act that makes the holy present
Symbols: Sacrement, Sign, Analogue

Which religion rejects any myth of creation?
Hinduism
Judaism
Buddhism
Islam
Christianity

Distinguish between different kinds of sacred story, in terms of the intent of the stories
Intent of stories:
To explain or validate what is
To inspire us with tales of hero figures and larger than life events
To teach us a moral lesson or spiritual truth

Different kinds: Parable, Myth, Sacred History

Muslims commemorate Abraham's sacrifice of _________ with animal sacrifice at the annual festival of Eid-al-Adha at conclusion of the Hajj.
Isaac
Correct!
Ishmael
Jesus
Muhammad

Coming of age rituals typically happen around the time of
birth
marriage
death
puberty

Distinguish between examples of life cycle rituals and calendar rituals
Graduation, swearing in as a public official, saying the pledge of allegiance, thanksgiving, initiation into a club, birthday celebrations, growing up rituals

How often do these religious rituals occur?
Islamic salat
Jewish Sabbath
Buddhist meditation
Hindu Diwali
Chrisitian Palm Sunday
Hindu Puja
Jewish Rosh Hashanah
Catholic Mass
Islamic Hajj
Chrisitian Sabbath

WHAT IS ROSH HASHANAH
1. Jewish Day of Atonement
2. Christian holy day commemorating the last supper and betrayal of Jesus
3. Christian holy day commemorating Jesus'triumphant entrance into Jerusalem
4. Islamic festival of pilgrimage
5. Jewish new year
6. Hindu "festival of lights" commemorating good over evil

What is Hajj?
1. Jewish Day of Atonement
2. Christian holy day commemorating the last supper and betrayal of Jesus
3. Christian holy day commemorating Jesus'triumphant entrance into Jerusalem
4. Islamic festival of pilgrimage
5. Jewish new year
6. Hindu "festival of lights" commemorating good over evil

What is Palm Sunday?
1. Jewish Day of Atonement
2. Christian holy day commemorating the last supper and betrayal of Jesus
3. Christian holy day commemorating Jesus'triumphant entrance into Jerusalem
4. Islamic festival of pilgrimage
5. Jewish new year
6. Hindu "festival of lights" commemorating good over evil

What is Diwali?
1. Jewish Day of Atonement
2. Christian holy day commemorating the last supper and betrayal of Jesus
3. Christian holy day commemorating Jesus'triumphant entrance into Jerusalem
4. Islamic festival of pilgrimage
5. Jewish new year
6. Hindu "festival of lights" commemorating good over evil

What is Yom Kippur?
1. Jewish Day of Atonement
2. Christian holy day commemorating the last supper and betrayal of Jesus
3. Christian holy day commemorating Jesus'triumphant entrance into Jerusalem
4. Islamic festival of pilgrimage
5. Jewish new year
6. Hindu "festival of lights" commemorating good over evil

What is Maundy Thursday?
1. Jewish Day of Atonement
2. Christian holy day commemorating the last supper and betrayal of Jesus
3. Christian holy day commemorating Jesus'triumphant entrance into Jerusalem
4. Islamic festival of pilgrimage
5. Jewish new year
6. Hindu "festival of lights" commemorating good over evil

In marriage, ordination, and initiation rituals, vows are important as the ____________ element that accomplishes a change in status.
performative
obligatory
repetative
dramatic

Life cycle rituals may also be called "rites of passage" (T/F)

Place in order the four stages of a calendar ritual: Jubilation, Purgation, Mortification, Invigoration

Ritual sacrifice is only done as sacrifice of an animal or sometimes even a human (T/F)

The Jewish Sabbath is observed...
At noon on Fridays
From sundown Friday through sundown Saturday
On Sunday
From sundown Saturday through sundown Sunday

Three stages in rites of passage rituals do NOT include
preparation
transition
separation
reincorporation

Which of the following is NOT a common interpretation applied to ritual sacrifice
It is a bargain or exchange (giving to a god so that the god may give back)
It is a means to secure a social bond in the community (the whole community is afirmed and benefits from such activity)
it is an atonement or expiation for sins (to apease God's wrath)
It is a way to praise and honor the gods

Why did the ancient Jews give up the practice of ritual sacrifice of animals?
The prophets required prayer and acts of loving kindness instead of empty ritual
They were running out of animals and needed to use them for food
The temple was destroyed so they no longer had a place to perform the sacrifice
Jesus served as the ultimate sacrifice to end all sacrifice

Duty Ethics is also referred to as...
Deontological ethics
Teleological ethics
Consequentialism
Utilitarianism

Consequentialism is another name for...
Ethics of Divine Command
Natural Law Ethics
Virtue Ethics
Utilitarian Ethics
Duty Ethics

Identify the various kinds of ethics:
Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative is an example

most concerned with the results of our actions

more concerned with being a good person rather than doing good actions

"Because God says so"

Holds that humans can know what is right and wrong based on reason

Ethics: Duty Ethics, Utilitarian Ethics, Natural Law Ethics, Divine Command, Virtue Ethics

Collection of sayings and actions of Muhammud which, together with the Qur'an, form the basis of Islamic law
Sangha
Hadith
Pentateuch
Caliph

Monastics can be found in
Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam
Buddhism, Christianity, Islam
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity

Term referring to the life led by monks and nuns
Monism
Monasticism
Monotheism
Mysticism

The Catholic Pope is the Bishop of Rome
True
False

The Episcopal church has had a woman as Bishop
True
False

The development of rules and guidelines are an indication that a religious organization is breaking down and losing its structure
True
False

The division between Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims has its roots in which of the following disputes
a dispute over who should be the leader of the community after Muhammad died.
a debate as to whether the message was for non-Arabs as well as Arabs
a dispute over which sacred texts had been revealed by Muhammad rather than just made up
a dispute about women becoming monastics

The founder of Hinduism was a prince of ancient India by the name of Siddhartha Gautama
True
False

The largest Protestant denomination in the USA is
Presbyterian
Southern Baptist
Lutheran
Catholic
Methodist

The message of a prophet is typically focused on predicting events to come in the far future
True
False

There are some Muslim countries where women have been Prime Minister
True
False

What is the difference between "high church" and "low church" traditions?
"High church" has "top down" leadership, run by Bishops, a "low church" has "bottom up" leadership, run by the members of the congregation.
A "high Church" has priests who focus on rituals, a "low church" has ministers who focus on teaching "the Word".
A "High church" is the original or oldest form while a "low church" is a derivative or sub-denomination.
A "high church" has a very upbeat, lively style of worship, while a "low church" has a very sedate, conservative style of worship.

Which of the following is/are NOT a 20th century change in religious organizations (select all that apply)
Pop culture influenced the development of Christian rock bands as a part of contemporary worship
Vatican Council II changed the language of the Catholic Mass
Protestant Reformer Martin Luther led the Civil Rights movement
The modern ecumenical movement encourages scores of different church denominations to work together in cooperation
Ordination of women was seen in several Protestant denominations as well as in some branches of Judaism
Protestant reform movements break away from the Roman Catholic church

Which of the following statements is not true
Judaism developed as an offshoot of Christianity
Buddha founded the religion of Buddhism as a reform of Hinduism
Jesus reinterpreted and sought to reform first century Judaism
The revelation brought by Muhammad is seen as following in the tradition of Abraham, alongside both Christianity and Judaism

Which religion has no identifiable founder?
Judaism
Hinduism
Islam
Buddhism

Within 100 years following the death of Muhammad, Islam had spread westward through North Africa to Spain and eastward trough Persia to Pakistan and India

Women are still not able to become rabbis in contemporary Judaism
True
False

WHAT ARE SAVIORS?
Convey God's message to the people, most commonly associated with the monotheistic religions associated with Abraham

Discover wisdom within themselves and teach based on that wisdom, more commonly found in the eastern religions

Are perceived to be an incarnation of divine power that provides us with a path to salvation when there are obstacles in the way

In Hinduism, one who seeks release from the cycle of existence, renouncing society, leaving behind family and possessions to retreat into the forest in search of enlightenment

WHAT ARE SAGES?
Convey God's message to the people, most commonly associated with the monotheistic religions associated with Abraham

Discover wisdom within themselves and teach based on that wisdom, more commonly found in the eastern religions

Are perceived to be an incarnation of divine power that provides us with a path to salvation when there are obstacles in the way

In Hinduism, one who seeks release from the cycle of existence, renouncing society, leaving behind family and possessions to retreat into the forest in search of enlightenment

WHAT ARE PROPHETS?
Convey God's message to the people, most commonly associated with the monotheistic religions associated with Abraham

Discover wisdom within themselves and teach based on that wisdom, more commonly found in the eastern religions

Are perceived to be an incarnation of divine power that provides us with a path to salvation when there are obstacles in the way

In Hinduism, one who seeks release from the cycle of existence, renouncing society, leaving behind family and possessions to retreat into the forest in search of enlightenment

WHAT ARE SANNAYASIN?
Convey God's message to the people, most commonly associated with the monotheistic religions associated with Abraham

Discover wisdom within themselves and teach based on that wisdom, more commonly found in the eastern religions

Are perceived to be an incarnation of divine power that provides us with a path to salvation when there are obstacles in the way

In Hinduism, one who seeks release from the cycle of existence, renouncing society, leaving behind family and possessions to retreat into the forest in search of enlightenment

Identify these examples of sacred people: which are prophets, which are sages and which are considered saviors?
Buddha, Jeremiah, Jesus, Krishna, Moses, Muhammad

Identify these religious leaders:
leaders in worship who carry out prescribed rituals on behalf of the community or individual
monks or nuns who live apart from society as they pursue a vocation of prayer and devotion
"Medicine men" (or women), most commonly found in tribal cultures, who commune or connect with the spirit world
A leadership role in Islam, typically the one who leads prayer
Priests in Hinduism
The most senior religious leader in Shi'ite Islam
A sage or teacher as leader in contemporary Judaism
TYPES: Ayatollah, Shamans, Imam, Brahmin, Monastics, Priests, Rabbit

Identify these characteristics as being distinctive of either an "ethnic" or "universal" religion
do not proselytize or actively seek converts

a relatively newer form of religion

tend to be large in population and spread throughout many regions of the world

people join voluntarily through proselytism and conversion

members are bound by kinship, family, culture, a common history and ancestry

generally do not have any specific founder

WHAT IS DENOMINATION
1. small, relatively young break-away groups that may separate themselves from the larger society
2. a small group, centered around a living charismatic leader; sometimes, but not always bad
3. relatively large, well established and respected division within a religion
4. independent religions that are generally less than 100 years old

What is a cult?
1. small, relatively young break-away groups that may separate themselves from the larger society
2. a small group, centered around a living charismatic leader; sometimes, but not always bad
3. relatively large, well established and respected division within a religion
4. independent religions that are generally less than 100 years old

What is New religious movement?
1. small, relatively young break-away groups that may separate themselves from the larger society
2. a small group, centered around a living charismatic leader; sometimes, but not always bad
3. relatively large, well established and respected division within a religion
4. independent religions that are generally less than 100 years old

What is a sect?
1. small, relatively young break-away groups that may separate themselves from the larger society
2. a small group, centered around a living charismatic leader; sometimes, but not always bad
3. relatively large, well established and respected division within a religion
4. independent religions that are generally less than 100 years old

Match these terms with their meaning:
The cycles of existence and rebirth (reincarnation) taught by both Hinduism and
Provides a system of justice: we deserve what we get, we (not god) cause it to happen by our past actions
Buddhist teaching that life is inevitably filled with suffering
Hindu teaching that the physical world we live in is an illusion
OPTIONS: Dukkha, Maya, Karma, Samsara

The Five Pillars of Islam do NOT include...
giving to charity
five daily prayers
making a pilgrimage to Mecca
Jihad
fasting during the month of Ramadan
making a confession of faith

The Qur'an speaks of Jesus as a great prophet
True
False

The doctrine of original sin is found...
only in Christianity
In Christianity and Islam, but not Judaism
in all three monotheistic religions (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam)
in Christianity and Judaism

Theodicy is best defined as
Attempts to explain evil and injustice despite an understanding of God as all-knowing, all-powerful and present everywhere
God showing his power and goodness by bringing evil people to justice
Rejection of God in the light of evil and suffering in the world
The study of God
Belief that evil and suffering in the world prove God to be evil

Which religion teaches the Four Noble Truths?
Hinduism
Islam
Buddhism
Judaism

_________ refers to the cycles of existence and rebirth (reincarnation) taught by both Hinduism and Buddhism
Samsara, Karma, Kalpa, Dukkha

Which of the following is NOT a way of disciplined religious action
Hindu Dharma: doing one's duty based on one's caste and stage of life
Jewish observance of proscribed rituals and moral imperatives found in Torah
Yoga to detach from the physcial realm
A Muslim following the Five pillars as guidance to stay on the straight path to stay focused on God

Which of the following is NOT a charcteristic of mysticism?
mystics rarely follow a disciplined way of life
mystics affirm an intimate knowledge between the individual soul and the divine
mystics focus on the inner, esoteric, or hidden meaning in sacred texts, stories and rituals
mystics seek to experience union with the divine

Which of the following are examples of the way of faith (choose all that apply)
Martin Luther's teaching of forgiveness and reconciliation as "a free gift of grace" from God.
Pure Land Buddhism seeking the grace and assistance of Amida Buddha
Hindu bhakti, showing loving devotion to their gods
The spiritual practices of the Sufi mystics of Islam

Identify these goals of religious life as focused on a present or future reality in this world or a future state beyond this world/after death
Zen Satori

Jewish restoration of the Temple complex in Jerusalem

Islamic images of heaven as a place of great reward

Hindu moksha, release from the cycle of samsara

Christian pre-millenial theology

Jesus' teaching that the Kingdom of God can be experienced here and now

Identify the kind of mysticism found in each of the following religions: Mystical v. Theistic:
Buddhism
Chrisitianity
Hinduism
Islam
Judaism

obedience to ordinances (rules and regulations for a way of life)

turning inward for the goal of liberation or full awareness

trust in the grace of a higher being, not a matter of simple belief but more a matter of knowing

emphasizing emotions and feelings, combined with practices as a matter of personal piety

Four primary paths: The way of devotion, the way of meditation, the way of disciplied action, the way of faith