Exam 1

Can be seen with the naked eye only

Animal Model

Using the microscope

a.) Epithelial b.) Muscle: Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth c.) Nerve d.) Connective tissue: RBC's, WBC's, Bone, Tendons, etc

1.) Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Highest amount of force

No fatigue

Lowest amount of fatigue

The cause of the disease

The beginning or expression of the disease

Physical changes to cells and tissues

"No Workee"

1.) Abnormalities to the Cell Membrane 2.) Reduction in O2 delivery to cells (decreade in aerobic respiration 3.) Abnornalities to enzymes - An enzyne speeds up biochemical reactions 4.) Genetic Infidelity

Dna - Dna (Replication) DNA - RNA (Transcription) RNA - Amino acids-> Protiens (Translation)

1.) Skeleton 2.) Cardiovascular 3.) Repiratory 4.) Digestion 5.) Urinary 6.) Brain or central nervous system 7.) Skeletal Muscle 8.) Skin 9.) Immune system 10.) Reproduction 11.) Endocrine System

1.) Carbohydrates (CHO) 2.) Lipids (Fats) 3.) Protiens - make all other structures 4.) Minerals - cofactors 5.) Vitamins - cofactors, water + fat soluble 6.) Water - faciliate all Biochem. reactions

1.) Structurally Complex
2.) Extract, Transform (Convert), and use Energy
3.) Ability to Replicate

The internal and external environment of the cell must by maintained in a stable, unchanging, constant condition

1.) Cell is basic unit of life
2.) Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Systems -> Organism
3.) All cells arise from pre-existing cells (cell replication)
4.) All 11 physiological systems are designed to facilitate the cell needs

The interior of the cell is fixed and stable

1. Coined Term Homeostasis
a. 02
b. pH
c. temp
d. etc…

i. Traditional 5 component homeostatic pathway template
1. Parameter: The item that is homeostatically regulated
a. Normal Range: Gender, Lifestyle
b. Below Normal: Hypo Condition
c. Above Normal: Hyper Condition

a. Cell populations: small
b. Glands: medium
c. Organs: large

The unique communication between the sensing structures + the structures responsible for returning or correcting the parameters back to normal. Chemical: slower, Electrical: instantaneous

Temporary amplification of the signal and its effects before returning the parameters back to normal. Fetal development and Lactation

NO amplification but without delay returns the parameters back to normal. Ca2+, Glucose, and water

1.) Normal Range: 38-42 weeks 2.) Before 38 weeks - Premature 3.) After 42 weeks - Overdue

Glycogen tells the liver to convert Glycogen into glucose and send it to the brain

Lowered cognition, mood change (aggression being most common)

Brain

Small intestine

Brain is starved for food

Type I and type II diabetes

Positive

Neutral

Negative

Attract

Bind to neutral charges

a.) 1st orbital shell - 2 electrons max b.) 2nd orbital shell - 8 electrons max c.) 3rd orbital shell - 8 electrons max

H,O & S, N, C, PO43-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, CI-

a.) Missing 1 electron - can make 1 single bond, H- b.) Building Form

a.) Positive charge b.) Involved in pH scale as an acid

a.) Negative b.) Involved in the pH scale as a base or alkaline c.) Most common form is HCO3- (Bicarbonate)

The quantity (product) of H+ & HCO3- dissolved in the water portion of plasma

a.) Norm: 7.35-7.45 b.) Acidic: 6.90 c.) Basic: 7.70

Acid + Base = Neutral