PMB 160 midterm 2, post-assignment

what is the purpose of vascular tissue?

xylem conducts

phloem conducts

what direction does xylem move, and how?

xylem tissue is made of

where does the phloem transport to and from, and how is movement mediated?

sieve elements

companion cells

procambial cells

how do leaf primordia form vasculature?

what is canalization and what leads to it?

what phenotypes are used to track circadian rhythm?

what are CAB proteins?

when does CAB 1 peak?

what effect does toc1 mutant have?

in WT, where does TOC1 peak and fall?

how can you get around genetic redundancy?

what is the relationship between TOC1, CCA1, and LHY?

what happens if CCA1 or LHY are overexpressed?

CCA1 directly binds to

what trains the circadian clock?

what part of the plant is the "master" regulator of the circadian clock?

vegetative to floral transition is (reversible or irreversible)

what are the endogenous flowering cues?

what are the environmental flowering cues?

why are there many pathways to flowering?

Pfr is the _______ form

Pf is the ______ form

what is CO?

CO induces _______, which activates ________

in LD conditions, CO accumulates to a ______ level during the afternoon, which leads to _______ flowering

in SD conditions, CO accumulates to a ______ level during the afternoon, which leads to ________ flowering

_______ prevents CO protein accumulation in the morning by __________

PHYB _______ flowering in SD

PHYA ________ flowering in LD and ________ CO protein in the afternoon by ________

SPA is expressed in the ______ and prevents ____________ by _________

spa mutant flower _______in SD because ________

how was existence of florigen shown?

what is florigen?

what is FD and where is it expressed?

What does the FT-FD complex do in the center of the SAM?

What does the FT-FD complex do on the flanks of SAM?

SOC1 induces ________ which represses _____ in the IFM

tfl1 mutants form a

in order of the whorls, the four floral organs are

Class A genes:

Class B genes:

Class C genes:

SEP proteins are _____ that physicall interact with ________

AG induces _______

AG represses ________

reducing AG activity causes

petunias have ____ class B genes

sorrels have no petals in the second whorl because

in male flowers there are no ______

in female flowers there are no

absence of _______ from the 3rd or 4th whorl can distinguish _______

tulips have ______ becase class ___ is expanded

how are lacadonias different, and why?

in water lilies, gene expression patterns are

in gymnosperms, class C is expressed exclusively in

in gymnosperms, class B is expressed exclusively in

in gymnosperms there is no activity for class _____ and ________

do ferns have ABCE genes?

what are the 2 types of floral variation?

4 types of flower shapes:

what flower shape is the ancestral state?

how are asymmetric flowers pollinated?

bees have a preference for

CYC specifies ______ and promotes ______

CYC expression is maintained by

CYC prevents _______ and restricts _________ in the dorsal domain

CYC is normally only in ________, but in backpetal flowers, CYC is also expressed in

DIV specifies _______, but there must be ________

without CYC, DICH, or DIV, the default state for petals is

DIV is expressed _______, but only _______ confers ventral identity

what do rad mutatnt flowers look like?

RAD acts as a ________ factor

what activates RAD expression?

in the dorsal domain, RAD _______ DIV by _________

in ventral domain, RAD ________, so DIV can ________

sunflowers have two florets:

ray florets are _________ symmetric

disc florets are _______ symmetric

CYC2c is only expressed in __________ in sunflowers