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the purposeful tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber

level of farming in which a person raises only enough food to feed his or her family

altering the behaviors, size and genetics of plants to benefit humans

The period roughly 10,000 years ago during which humans first began domesticating crops and animals

cutting of "steps" into the mountains that allowed for more agriculture

a system that supplies dry land with water through ditches, pipes, or streams

a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land

the loss or destruction of forests, mainly for logging or farming

lower land productivity caused by overfarming, overgrazing, seasonal drought, and climate change

Laws passed by Parliament "closing off" common lands to small farmers

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

Crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

farmers aim to maintain soil fertility by rotating the fields they cultivate

an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)

Specialized farming that occurs only in areas where the dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails

relating to milk or products made using milk

Where small amounts of capital and labour are used in relation to the amount of land being farmed

to plant and harvest on the same parcel of land twice per year

farmers grow two or more crops simultaneously on the same field

the hands an item passes through between producer and consumer; all the steps along the way

farming strategy of planting a single, highly productive crop year after year

trade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries

a government payment that supports a business or market

houses are grouped together in tiny clusters or hamlets

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.

natural features are used to mark irregular parcels of land

a subdivision of a county that has its own government

Linear settlements stretched out along a road or river.

an agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activities in terms of rent

Gardening - cultivation of crops carried out with simple hand tools such as digging sticks or hoes
the cultivation of plants for subsistence through non-intensive use of land and labor

refers to how the price and demand on land changes as the distance towards the CBD/Market increase

a type of food that is produced without pesticides, bioengineering, or high-energy radiation

Raising marine and freshwater fish in ponds and underwater cages

the diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat (or in the world as a whole)

the property whereby long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increases

highly mechanized, large-scale farming, usually under corporate ownership

the cultivation of aquatic organisms (as fish or shellfish) especially for food

term used to describe large scale farming and ranching operations that employ vast land bases, large mechanized equipment, factory-type labor forces, and the latest technology

expenditure of much labor and capital on a piece of land to increase its productivity

As one region or state expands in economic prosperity, it must engulf regions nearby to ensure ongoing economic and political success

the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil

the regions in which large amounts of agriculture take place

raising female cattle, goats, or certain other lactating livestock for long-term production of milk

the spread of an idea from one area to another

a second crop is planted after the first has been harvested

toxic substances released to kill living things

the wearing away of a fields topsoil by water or the environment

the process of land becoming similar to that of a desert

cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning. the clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forest land

the process of cutting down all vegetation and burning it to grow crops. Usually used in tropical areas in shifting cultivation

patch of land cleared for planting thorough slashing and burning

continual movement, often rotating livestock

continual movement of livestock in search of forage for animals

the art, science, and practice of studying and managing forests and plantations

consumer driven agriculture integrated on an international scale

the killing of wild game and the harvesting of wild plants to provide food in traditional cultures

a commercial type of agriculture that produces fattened cattle and hogs for meat

the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants

accounts for virtually all olive oil produced worldwide

a system of monoculture for producing export crops requiring relatively large amounts of land and capital

a type of settlement form where people live relatively distant from each other

dovetailing with and benefiting from the Industrial Revolution, it witnessed improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce

maize (corn), wheat, and rice are the most produced grains

distinct regional approach to land surveying whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, and canals

a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees

a rectangular land division scheme designed to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior

ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself, required to maintain nature's services at the same or increasing level over time

replacement of human labor into machines

German scholar-farmer who developed the core-periphery model in the nineteenth century related to transportation and land cost

Agriculture is organized according to the cost of land and the ease of transportation to market