ap huge unit 3

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another EX) People learning English in the US

the township and range patterns established by early settlers in which there were long rows of roads in square or rectangular patterns EX) prevails over US Midwest

centered on the belief that inanimate objects, such as mts., trees, rivers, and boulders. posses spirits and should be revered. EX) Shamanism

A language that is the official language of several countries of North Africa and the Middle East, as well as the religion of Islam.

the process of making indigenous people adopt the dominant culture and abandon their own culture. EX) US wanted to assimilate Native Americans in the 18 and 1900s.

came from Hinduism as a question to its teachings (caste system). 2 branches: Mahayan (salvation comes by appeal to holy sources of merit) and Theravada (Salvation is personal matter achieved by good behavoir and being monk or nun). EX) Theravada- Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia. Mahayana- Vietnam Korea, Japan, and China

a material, spatial, and cultural product of human labor

locks people into particular social classes and imposes many restrictions, especially to those in lower castes

a force that divides people and countries (language, religion, ethnicity)

Unifies people and enhance support for a state (language, religion, ethnicity)

single founder (Jesus), split from Judaism, monotheistic, first split: between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox. Emperor Diocletian split empire eventually leading to separate denominations. Last branch- Protestant (came from Catholic)

the process through which something (a name, good, idea, or person) becomes an object that can be bought and sold in the world market, when it previously wasn't regarded so.

idea spreads from person to person EX) word of mouth

a pidgin language that has developed a more complex structure and a vocabulary and has become a native language of a group of people EX) Swahili

the process by which other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit EX) People not of the culture getting henna tattoos

The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication.

The likelihood or tendency for cultures to become increasingly dissimilar with the passage of time.

the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape

entire region throughout which a culture prevails; criteria include religion, language, diet, customs, or economic development

a group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people EX) Makan American Indians who hunt whales

a variant of a standard language along regional or ethnic liens. Made of differences in: vocab, syntax, pronunciation, cadence, and pace. EX) Southern-English

dialects nearest to each other will be most similar. As you go farther apart, dialects become less intelligible.

How quickly innovations diffuse and refers to how interlinked two places are through transportation and communication

a mass killing of a specific group of people EX) Serbian campaign for ethnic cleansing of Kosovo Albanians (Muslims) who demanded autonomy.

tight nit neighborhoods within a major city where local cultures have built a world apart to practice their customs EX) Hasidic Jews in Brooklyn, NY

Adherents are born into the faith and converts are not actively sought. Spatially concentrated, except for Judaism. EX) traditional religions in Africa and SA. Judaism, Hinduism, Confucianism, Shintoism

an identity based on being bounded or related to a certain place over time EX) Latino, Hispanic

Fred Kniffen researched house types and their diffusion in North America and found that 3 regions have these houses: (1)New England, (2) Mid-Atlantic, and (3) Lower Chesapeake Bay. The diffusion streams created the regions. EX) (1) Saltbox, two-chimney, Cape Cod, Front Wing, and Gable. (2) I-house, Tidewater. (3) Shotgun

how a group of people in a place that see themselves and share customs/traits. OR a small culture that incorporates a homogeneous population that is typically rural and cohesive in cultural traits.

A mass killing of people EX) Holocaust

the idea that cultural borrowing and mixing is happening all over the world. Emphasizes that what happens on one scale is not independent of what happens on another. EX) Venetian hotel is Las Vegas, Nevada

can occur through a hierarchy of places. The hearth is the point of origin. Large cities to smaller ones (trickles down)

3rd biggest religion, DID NOT originate in Pakistan, given name by Aryans, no founder, based on ancient practices of Indus River Valley city of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa, sacred river is the Ganges, and their main god is Brahman. Other gods are expressions of Brahman. Not a polytheistic or monotheistic religion, or even both. Vedas is it's 4 sacred texts. Defined as an ethnic religion to SE Asia.

a language from the Indo-European family. Spoken by half of the world's people, and includes among others, the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic subfamilies

the boundaries between the world's major faiths. subject to potentially divisive cultural forces. EX) several countries in Africa that straddle the Christian- Muslim boundary EX) Israel, Palestine, Nigeria, former Yugoslavia

the boundaries within a single major faith. Divisions between: Catholics and Protestants (especially in N Ireland), Muslim Sunni and Shia

founded by Muhammad, Qu'ran, Allah, monotheistic, 5 pillars, pilgrimage to Mecca/hajj. EX) Most Muslims are in Indonesia

a geographic boundary in which a particular linguistic feature occurs. Rarely a simple line. EX) the lines of which American dialects are fuzzy

grew out of the beliefs of Jews, a nomadic semetic tribe in SW Asia. Based off teachings of Abraham. In Middle East, N Africa, Russia, Ukraine, Europe, and N and S America. Monotheistic.

a set of sounds and symbols that is used for communication

way of classifying languages at the global scale. The languages have shared by fairly distant origins. Broken into sub-families. EX) Indo-European language family includes Italian, Spanish, and French

set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics EX) Germanic, Romance, Slavic

divisions within a language family, the commonalities are more definite and origins more recent. Consists of individual languages with smaller spatial extents and dialects with even smaller spatial extents EX) Indo-European is broken into sub-families of Romance, Germanic, and Slavic

a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce. Can be one language or a mixture.

there are more than 7000 languages spoken today that are created by economic, technological, and ideological globalization. EX) more than 1500 languages are spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa

the things a group of people construct, including homes, clothing, sports, dance, and foods.

worship a singly deity, God or Allah EX) Islam grew in Northern Africa from 11 to 234 million in 1900 to 2010

Church of the Latter day Saints. Created by Joseph Smith, has similar beliefs to Christianity. Began in NY, then moved to Utah due to persecution.

countries in which more than one language is in use EX) US

means that two people can understand each other while speaking. Has been rejected as strongly as environmental determinism. EX) mostly with two dialects of one language, but Danish and Norwegian speakers can understand each other while Mandarin and Cantonese canoot

beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people. EX) Hutterites value marrying within their religion

adopted by countries with linguistic fragmentation to tie the people together. Or in colonies, one that ties them to their colonizer.

when people speaking 2 or more languages are in contact and they combine parts of their languages in a simplified structure and vocabulary EX) the first widely known pidgin language is the Frankish language, a mix of Frank tongue with Italian, Greek, Spanish, and Arabic for trade on eastern Mediterranean with Southern Franks.

coined by George Edward Relph to describe the loss of uniqueness in place in the cultural landscape to the point that one place looks like the next EX) subburbs

worship more than one deity, even 1000s EX) Hinduism, Vodum/Voodoo

large culture that incorporates heterogeneous populations, is typically urban, and experiences quick changing traits.

sense of superiority attached to race

a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities. EX) Baha'i

religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence EX) 9-11, extremist Jews who are for anti-Arabism (Kahane Chai), and Taliban

born over perceived breakdown of society's morals and values. hold to religious beliefs. EX) Traditionalism Catholic Movement- preach in Latin and don't recognize the Pope and the Vatican

when individuals who have adopted the idea move to new places and disseminate it. The hearth loses strength in the idea and the places the individuals move to gain strength in it. EX) Buddhism started in India, but now has more followers in Thailand, Cambodia, and Myanmar

places people infuse with religious meaning (reverence or fear). If infused with reverence, a pilgrimage may be made to the place.

the indifference to or rejection of formal religion. EX) 57% of US said religion isn't super important in their lives while 98% of Senegal said the opposite.

made by the emotions and memories attached to a place. Changes as we and the place change.

proposed by Derwent Whittlesay. Cultural imprints made over top of each other, each affect the next, have a lasting imprint EX) In N Africa, Islamic mosques have Roman influences

theory that as a place is occupied by different groups of people, each group leaves an imprint on the cultural landscape

community faith in which people follow their shaman (religious leader) . small, isolated religion. EX) Africa, Native America, SE Asia, and E Asia.

a published, widely distributed, and purposefully taught language that most technologically advanced societies have.EX) Ireland promotes the use of Celtic by requiring all government workers to pass Irish-language exam

when an exact idea can't be adopted in a certain area (due to cultural barriers, etc.) leading to altering of the idea. It is a stimulus for newer ideas. EX) non-meat burgers at McDonald's in India

when distinct aspects of different cultures blend together to make something new and unique.

explains how quickly innovations diffuse and refers to how interlinked two places are through transportation and communication

place names. often refer to social progress in the area. May impact how people view the lace. Dominated by 10 themes: descriptive, commendatory, possession, commemorative, associative, incidents, possession, folk, manufactured, mistakes, shift. EX) "Mount Prospect" and "Mount Misery"

actively seek converts because they view themselves as offering belief systems and universal appropriateness and appeal. Few in number and of recent origin. EX) Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam

Jews and Christians sacred site