Shoulder
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Movements at the ST joint
elevation/depression -> SC movement
adduction/abduction -> SC and AC movement
upward/downward rotation -> AC movement
adduction/abduction -> SC and AC movement
upward/downward rotation -> AC movement
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What movements at the SC and AC make Abduction/Adduction?
SC - Protraction, retraction
AC - internal/external rotation
AC - internal/external rotation
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what type of joint is the SC joint? How man Rotary DOF?
Saddle
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3
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Movements at the SC joint - Osteokinematics and Arthrokinematics
Elevation/Depression: convex on concave
Protraction/Retraction: concave on convex
Posterior Rotation: spin
Protraction/Retraction: concave on convex
Posterior Rotation: spin
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SC joint elevation and depression results in ST
elevation and depression
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Spin at the SC contributes to what at the scapula?
upward rotation
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what motions at the SC and AC result in ST protraction/ retraction?
SC protraction/ retraction combined with AC IR/ER
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what type of joint is the AC joint?
planer
3 rotary DoF
3 rotary DoF
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movements at the AC joint
upward/downward rotation
internal/external rotation
anterior/posterior tipping
internal/external rotation
anterior/posterior tipping
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most important ligament at the AC joint
coracoclavicular ligament
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what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Ball and socket
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movements at the GH joint
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
internal/external rotation
abduction/adduction
internal/external rotation
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how many degrees does the GH contribute to elevation?
120
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how many degrees does the ST contribute to elevation?
the last 60
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what movements happen at the SC joint to lift the arm overhead?
elevation, posterior rotation, retraction
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what movements happen at the AC joint to lift the arm overhead?
upward rotation, external rotation, and posterior tip
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what movements happen at the GH joint to lift the arm overhead?
abduction, flexion, external rotation
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Shoulder Complex Extension - what are the motions at each joint
GH Extension:
AC - downward rotation
AC - anterior tip
SC - depression
AC - downward rotation
AC - anterior tip
SC - depression
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GH joint function (2)
mobility
stability to the digits
stability to the digits
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dynamic stability of GH joint through
Rotator Cuff
-during all active movement of the arm the RTC is firing to pull the HH into the center of the glenoid
-during all active movement of the arm the RTC is firing to pull the HH into the center of the glenoid
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Rotator Cuff muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
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Supraspinatus pulls
HH into glenoid and superiorly
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ITS muscles pull
HH into the glenoid and inferiorly
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The RTC contributes to the ___________ of the GH joint
arthrokinematics
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In Abduction:
supraspinatus offsets the _____ force of ____ and asists in moving the humerus away from body
infraspinatus/teres minor will provide ____ to clear the _______ ______ as well as assist in moving the humerus away from body
Subscapularis contracts to _______ HH _____ and ______
supraspinatus offsets the _____ force of ____ and asists in moving the humerus away from body
infraspinatus/teres minor will provide ____ to clear the _______ ______ as well as assist in moving the humerus away from body
Subscapularis contracts to _______ HH _____ and ______
superior Deltoid
external rotation, greater tubercle
centralize, posteriorly and inferiorly
external rotation, greater tubercle
centralize, posteriorly and inferiorly
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In Flexion:
long head of the biceps has perfect line of pull to offset the ____ pull of the _________ along with _______
infraspinatus/teres minor will provide ____ to clear greater tubercle
subscapularis will need to ____ HH _____ and _____
long head of the biceps has perfect line of pull to offset the ____ pull of the _________ along with _______
infraspinatus/teres minor will provide ____ to clear greater tubercle
subscapularis will need to ____ HH _____ and _____
superior, anterior delt/coracobrachialis, supraspinatus
external rotation
centralize, anteriorly and inferiorly
external rotation
centralize, anteriorly and inferiorly
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scapulothoracic muscle function
proximal stabilization of rotator cuff
movers of the scapula on thorax
movers of the scapula on thorax
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ST upward rotating scapula muscles
Upper trap
middle trap
lower trap
serratus anterior!!!!
all work together to create spin of the scapula
middle trap
lower trap
serratus anterior!!!!
all work together to create spin of the scapula
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functions of serratus anterior
protraction
upward rotation
posterior tip
external rotation
upward rotation
posterior tip
external rotation
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what muscle is force coupled with serratus ant to produce protraction?
pec minor
-downward rotation, interal rotation, anterior tip
-downward rotation, interal rotation, anterior tip
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the upper trap has the best MA for upward rotation in
early ROM
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upper trap function
elevates scapula at SC joint
retraction at SC joint
upward rotation
brings the medial border of the scapula closer to the spine
retraction at SC joint
upward rotation
brings the medial border of the scapula closer to the spine
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Lower trap has the best MA for upward rotation in
late ROM
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lower trap function
depresses the scapula on the thorax - offsets elevation from upper trap
helps with posterior tip
helps with posterior tip
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middle trap during raising arm?
small MA for upward rotation throughout ROM
helps serratus with External Rotation
mostly adducts scapula on thorax - with rhomboids
helps serratus with External Rotation
mostly adducts scapula on thorax - with rhomboids
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rhomboids
downward rotation of the scapula
adduct the scapula - works with the middle trap, upward/downward rotation moments cancel
adduct the scapula - works with the middle trap, upward/downward rotation moments cancel
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what needs to be active for the deltoids to produce elevation of the GH joint?
serratus
delt - DR
serratus - UR
delt - DR
serratus - UR
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what needs to be active for teres major to extend the GH joint?
teres - UR
Rhomboids - DR
Rhomboids - DR
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what needs to be active for the external rotators to produce ER at the humerus?
serratus - producs internal rotation, keeping the medial border of the scapula on the thorax
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Upward Rotation of Scapula
Deltoid (downward rotator of scapula), Upper Trap (early ROM), Middle Trap (Small MA throughout), Lower Trap (Late ROM) and Serratus (upward rotator of scapula)
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Posterior Tip
Lower Trap and Serratus
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External Rotation of Scapula
Middle Trap and Serratus
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GH extension
Teres major (upward rotation), Rhomboids (Downward Rotation)
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GH Abduction
Supraspinatus assists Delt, pulls it into the Glenoid offsetting superior force from delt (no translating up)
Infra and teres minor provide ER to clear Greater Tubercle
ITS pull HH into glenoid
Infra and teres minor provide ER to clear Greater Tubercle
ITS pull HH into glenoid
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GH Flexion
LH of Biceps offsets superior pull of anterior delt + coracobrachialis with supraspinatus
IT - ER to clear greater tubercle
ITS - pull HH into glenoid
IT - ER to clear greater tubercle
ITS - pull HH into glenoid
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GH Internal Rotation
Pec Major, Lats, and Subscapularis
SIT
SIT
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GH External Rotation - at the GH
Infraspinatus, Post Delt, Teres Minor
SST
SST
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extending the arm against resistance
rhomboids, levator scapula, pec minor
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Horizontal Abduction
GH - post delt, teres major, lats, infra
ST - Middle trap, rhomboids, lower trap, (traps do ER)
Stabilized - SST
ST - Middle trap, rhomboids, lower trap, (traps do ER)
Stabilized - SST
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Horizontal adduction
GH - Pec major, anterior delt, subscap
Scapula - Serratus (UR), Pec minor (DR) = protraction
stabilizer: SIT
Scapula - Serratus (UR), Pec minor (DR) = protraction
stabilizer: SIT