C2

Is a process whereby stimulation of receptor cells in the eyes, ears, nose, mouth and the surface of the skin sends nerve impulse to the brain.

Color, brightness, the pitch of tone or a bitter taste

Stimulus

A form of energy (such as light waves or sound waves) that can affect sensory organs (such as the eye or the ear).

Perception is the process that organizes sensations into meaningful patterns.

1. sensory threshold
2. sensory adaptation

is the minimum point of intensity a sound can be detected.

1. absolute threshold/limen
2. difference threshold

-The minimum amount of stimulation a person can detect.
-minimum level of stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time when a stimulus is presented over and over again.

1. intensity of stimulus
2. physical state
3. psychological state e.g.,response bias

how ready the person is to report the presence of a particular
stimulus.

-The minimum amount of change that can be detected.
-minimum change in stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time by a given person.

is a difference in threshold.

the amount of change in intensity of stimulation needed to produce a jnd is a constant fraction of the original stimulus.

tendency of our sensory receptors to have decreasing responsiveness to unchanging stimulus.

1. Selectivity of perception: Attention
2. Form perception
3. Depth perception
4. Perceptual Constance
5. Perceptual illusion

is the term given to the perceptual process that selects certain inputs for
inclusion in your conscious experience, or awareness, at any given time, ignoring others.

that our field of experience is
divided into what is known as ―Focus‖ and ―Margin.‖ Events or stimuli that you perceive clearly are the focus of your experience and other items or stimuli that you perceive dimly or
vaguely are in the margin of your attention.

1. external factors
2. internal/psychological factors

factors that are generally found in
the objects or stimuli to be perceived.

size, intensity, repetition, novelty(newness) and movement

1. set/expectancy: you may be ready/prime for certain kinds of sensory input.
2. motives/needs: people are likely to pay attention to events in the environment which will satisfy their needs.

is the perception of objects and forms of everyday experience as standing out from a background.

attention - passive
form perception - active

organized perceptual experience has
properties, which cannot be predicated from a simple analysis of the components.

1. laws of proximity(nearness)
2. law of similarity
3. continuation
4. law of closure

binocular cues and monocular cues

1. retinal disparity: is the degree of difference between the image
of an object that are focused on the two retinas.
2. convergence : the degree to which the eyes turn inward to focus on an object.

1. accommodation
2. motion parallax
3. pictorial cues
4. texture gradient

an object that overlaps another will appear closer.

Franz Muller-Lyer

Extra Sensory Perception(ESP) or paranormal ability