1What Reconstruction-era amendment, passed in January of 1865 and ratified in December 1865, abolished slavery across the United States, unless as punishment for a crime?
13th Amendment
2Which Reconstruction-era amendment passed in the late 1860s granted citizenship to all born/naturalized in the United States (exception of Native Americans), granting them due process, making prior enslaved citizens?
14th Amendment
3Why was the 14th Amendment important?
It declared Black people in the US as citizens
4Which Reconstruction-era amendment prohibits the denying of voting on the basis of race color or previous condition of servitude?
15th Amendment
5Why was the 15th Amendment important?
It allowed for disenfranchising policies to follow/Supremacist groups
6What Jamaican activist born in the 1880s founded UNIA in 1914 in NYC, an organization focused on Black pride, unity, and self-reliance, while advocating for Pan-Africanism?
Marcus Garvey
7Why was Marcus Garvey important?
Important Black activist/advocate for Pan-Africanism
8What American sociologist, author, orator, and civil rights activist, born in the 1860s, co-founded the NAACP in NYC, and coined the term double consciousness? (Talented 10)
WEB DuBois
9Why was WEB DuBois important?
One of the most influential Black thinkers of his time
10Who was known for being the first African American to serve in the US Senate, representing the state of Mississippi during the Reconstruction era?
Hiram Revels
11Why was Hiram Revels important?
First African American Senator
12What American politician, born into slavery in South Carolina, commanded a Confederate ship, delivering 16 individuals to freedom during the Civil War?
Robert Smalls
13What period, starting in the 1860s, marked the end of the civil war era, meant to reintroduce states of the Confederacy back into the federal governments of the US?
Reconstruction
14Why was Reconstruction important?
Major civil rights policies + major acts of discrimination
15What American cyclist born in Indiana (remember Carter) was known as the fastest cyclist in the world around the early 1900s and the first African American to win a world championship?
Marshall (Major) Taylor
16Why was Marshall (Major) Taylor important?
First Black American global sports superstar
17What male boxer born in Texas became the world’s first Black heavyweight boxing champion during the early 1900s?
Jack Johnson
18Who was an American professional baseball player, playing for the Dodgers in Brooklynn, NYC during post-WW2 America?
Jackie Robinson
19Why was Jackie Robinson important?
Broke color barriers by being the first African American player in the Major League
20What landmark US Supreme Court decision during the late 1800s involved Homer Plessy, a man of mixed race, being arrested for sitting on the whites-only train car in Louisiana during the Jim Crow era?
Plessy v. Ferguson
21Why was Plessy v. Ferguson important?
Established the “seperate but equal doctrine” used to uphold segregation, constitutional protection for segregation
22What landmark US Supreme Court decision in Kansas during the 1950s was based upon the belief that segregation within public schools violated the 14th Amendment, as it was psychologically damaging to children?
Brown v. Topeka Board of Education
23Why was Brown v. Topeka Board of Education important?
Sparked the modern civil rights movement, signaling the beginning of the end of Jim Crow segregation
24Who was an American soldier born in the South, engineer, and former slave, attended and graduated West Point during the Reconstruction era?
Henry Ossian Flipper
25Why was Henry Ossian Flipper important?
First African American to graduate West Point
26What American soldier born in the South was the first Black national park superintendent and first Black military attaché post-Reconstruction era, achieving the highest rank?
Charles Young
27Why was Charles Young important?
First Black man to achieve Colonel rank in US Army
28What American author and orator from Virginia founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama during the Jim Crow era, believing that Black people needed to be useful in order for White people to see their worth?
Booker T. Washington
29Why was Booker T. Washington important?
Contributions to Black education
30What civil rights organization, standing for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, was founded in NYC during the early Jim Crow era to ensure political, educational, social, and economic equality? They succeeded over the Niagara Movement
NAACP
31Why was the NAACP important?
Helped lobby for civil rights during Jim Crow and beyond
32What organization, founded during WW2 in Chicago, titled the Congress of Racial Equality, pioneered nonviolent tactics such as sit-ins and Freedom Rides to achieve racial equality?
CORE
33Why was CORE important?
Pivotal in the Civil Rights movement
34What female American civil rights activist was arrested at the age of 15 during the 1950s in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to give up her seat to a white woman?
Claudette Colvin
35Why was Claudette Colvin important?
Contributed to Browder v. Gayle and the desegregation of bus systems
36What female American was arrested during the 1950s in Virginia for sitting in the wrong area on a Greyhound going through interstate lines (interstate bus)? (Resisted arrest)
Irene Morgan
37Why was Irene Morgan important?
Morgan v. Virginia similar ruling to Browden v. Gayle
38What female American civil rights activist and member of NAACP was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama during the 1950s for refusing to give up her seat in defiance of Jim Crow segregation?
Rosa Parks
39Why was Rosa Parks important?
Face of the Montgomery Bus Boycotts
40What African American revolutionary, peer to MLK, who lived in Michigan, key figure of the civil rights movement during the 50s and 60s and the Nation of Islam, while advocating for Black empowerment?
Malcolm X
41Why wad Malcolm X important?
One of the most prominent civil rights activists of the movement
42What provision, used primarily in the South during the Reconstruction, prevented recently freed Black Americans in the South from voting due to their lack of ancestral voting status?
Grandfather Clause
43What female American journalist opposed to lynching and sociologist helped found the NAACP in NYC during the Jim Crow era?
Ida B. Wells
44Why was Ida B. Wells important?
Early leader in the Civil Rights Movement
45What American politician born into slavery was the second African American to serve in the US Senate, the first to serve a full six-year term in office for the state of Mississippi (Same as Hiram Revels)?
Blanche K. Bruce
46Why was Blanche K. Bruce important?
First African American to serve a full term in US Senate
47What African American man served in the first African American unit to engage in WW1 combat, the Harlem Hellfighters, based in NYC, granted the Medal of Honor posthumously?
Henry Johnson
48Why was Henry Johnson important?
Demonstrated Black military resilience (Held off German forces by himself for hours)
49What African American agricultural scientist taught at Tuskegee University during the Jim Crow era about agricultural methods and plant-based reaearch to help the impoverished south?
George Washington Carver
50Why was George Washington Carver important?
Developed many agricultural innovations
51What civil rights organization, founded in the 1900s by WEB DuBois in the United States, fought for full civil, political and social rights for African Americans, demanding an end to segregation?
Niagara Movement
52Why was the Niagara Movement important?
Laid the groundwork for the NAACP
53What movement from the early 20s celebrated African American culture through literature, music, and art, based in Harlem, NYC?
Harlem Renaissance
54Why was the Harlem Renaissance important?
Fueled the creation of a new African American identity rooted in pride
55What’s the name for the first African American military aviators in the US Army who trained in Alabama and participated in WW2?
Tuskegee Airmen
56Why were the Tuskegee Airmen important?
Their successes helped pave the way for US military desegregation
57Who served during WW2 as the US Army’s first African American general officer, commandeering the first all-black air unit, 99th Pursuit Squadron?
Benjamin O. Davis Sr.
58What American youth was abducted and lynched in Mississippi in the 50s after being accused of offending a white woman?
Emmett Till
59Why was Emmett Till’s death important?
Sparked national outrage for civil rights and racial justice
60What year-long event during the 50s was a political and social protest campaign against the oppressive segregational policies of Montgomery, Alabama’s public bus system?
Montgomery Bus Boycotts
61Why were the Montgomery Bus Boycotts important?
Launched MLK into leadership of the civil rights movement
62What concept, active during the early years of the Cold War, refers to the practices of civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern regions of the United States?
Freedom Rides
63Why were the Freedom Rides important?
Helped protest racial oppression and segregation
64What was the first Freedom Ride called?
Ride for Reconciliation
65What’s the name of the published official magazine of the NAACP, founded by WEB DuBois in 1910, covering civil rights, politics, culture, and history for people of color?
The Crisis
66What’s the name of the American civil rights lawyer, serving as the Supreme Court’s first Black justice during the 50s and 60s?
Thurgood Marshall
67Why was Thurgood Marshall important?
Worked with the Brown v. Board case, helping to desegregate public schooling
68Name the modern-day American lawyer and Supreme Court justice from Georgia who believes that Obergefell v. Hodges should be reconsidered (jackass), accused of sexual assault?
Clarence Thomas
69Why was Clarence Thomas important?
Longest-serving current Supreme Court justice
70Which revolutionary political organization was founded in California during the Cold War by Huey P. Newton meant to protect Black communities from police brutality, then evolced to Marxism and Black liberation?
Black Panther Party
71Why were the Black Panthers important?
Marked the shift from peaceful nonviolence to self-defense and Black Power in the Civil Rights movement
72What term refers to the movement of five million African Americans during the 1900s from the South into more urban areas?
Great Migration
73Why was the Great Migration important?
Helped the shifting of American culture, giving rise to the Harlem Renaissance
74What African American poet and social activist was heavily involved in the Harlem Renaissance and the NAACP, based in Harlem, New York during the civil rights movement?
Langston Hughes
75Why was Langston Hughes important?
Largely contributed to Harlem Renaissance
76Who were the nine African American students who integrated Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas during the civil rights movement, protected by the US National Guard?
Little Rock 9
77Why were the Little Rock 9 important?
Their presence demonstrated the importance of perseverance against racism
78Who was famous for being the first African American child to desegregate an all-white elementary school in the South during the civil rights movement?
Ruby Bridges
79Why was Ruby Bridges important?
Important symbol for the Civil Rights Movement of the 60s
80Which African American woman was a politician during the civil rights movement, serving as the first Black female Congresswoman for the state of New York? (Also ran for Presidency)
Shirley Chisolm
81Why was Shirley Chisolm important?
First Black female Congresswoman
82What civil rights organization was founded by MLK jr. during the civil rights movement in the South, in order to organize and advocate for nonviolent protests against racial injustice?
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
83What African American politician from Hawaii served as the 44th President during the 21st Century (2008-2016)? (Known for Obamacare)
Barack Obama
84Why was Barack Obama important?
First African American President
85What term refers to the wave of nonviolent protests during the civil rights movement, led by the Greensboro sit-ins?
Sit-in Movement
86What HBCU founded in 1879, based in Salisbury, NC, was founded by Dr. Joseph C. Price, known to have hosted the first intercollegiate football game among HBCUs?
Livingstone College
87What HBCU based in DC, founded during the Reconstruction Era, is known for its prestige and reputation?
Howard University
88Name the entertainment act composed of two dancing brothers who performed high acrobatic techniques during the late 20s and early 30s, often in Harlem’s Cotton Club during the Harlem Renaissance
Nicholas Brothers
89Which African American businesswoman in Richmond, VA, was the first Black woman to charter a bank during the Jim Crow era?
Maggie Walker
90What term refers to Tulsa, Oklahoma’s Greenwood District, known as one of the most prosperous African American communities in the US during the Roaring 20s?
Black Wall Street
91What term refers to the international effort during the 1900s to unite Africa and the African diaspora, advocating for political independence, docolonization, and the social and economic advancement of African-descent individuals, shaped by WEB DuBois and Marcus Garvey?
Pan-Africanism
92What African American track and field athlete from Alabama made history at the 1936 Olympic Games by winning four gold metals?
Jesse Owens
93What unanimous Supreme Court case from Viriginia in the 60s determined that banning interracial marriage was unconstitutional and is in violation of the 14th Amendment?
Loving v. Virginia