SOC FINAL

Which main theory of sociology sees society as stable, viewing institutions as working together to maintain social order?

Which main theory of sociology sees society as an arena of inequality where powerful groups benefit at the expense of others?

What main theory of sociogy focuses on daily interactions and the meanings people attach to situations?

What term refers to the ranking of categories of people in a hierarchy?

What term refers to a closed system in which social position is based on birth, with little to no mobility?

What term refers to an open system in which social position is based on birth and achievement, allowing some mobility?

What term refers to a system in which social position is based solely on personal merit and achievement?

What term refers to the degree to which a person’s social standing remains the same across various dimensions (class, prestige, power)?

What term refers to the opportunities people have based on their social class position?

What term refers to a change in social position occurring across generations within a family?

What term refers to a change in social position occurring during one person’s lifetime?

What term refers to mobility caused by changes in society rather than individual effort?

What term refers to a life-threatening level of deprivation?

What term refers to poverty defined by comparison to others in the same society?

What term refers to the trend in which women are more likely than men to experience poverty?

What term refers to a government-calculated measure based on a minimum food budget multiplied by three?

What thesis states that inequality is necessary and helps society run?

What term refers to a socially constructed category of people based on perceived physical differences?

What term refers to shared cultural heritage, including language, religion, and traditions?

What group has less power or privilege?

Which group holds power or privilege within a society?

What term refers to a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people?

What term refers to unequal treatment of categories of people?

What kind of discrimination is built into the operation of social institutions that produce unequal outcomes?

What term refers to an exaggerated and often unfair description applied to every person in a category?

What term refers to the act of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture, believing one’s own is superior?

What term refers to the process by which minorities adopt the cultural patterns of the dominant group?

What term refers to a state in which racial and ethnic groups maintain distinct identities while having equal standing?

What term refers to the physical and social separation of categories of people?

What term refers to the systematic killing of one category of people?

What theory states that prejudice develops when people blame others for their own problems and frustrations?

What term refers to the social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another?

What term refers to a family consisting of parents and their children?

What kind of family structure includes additional relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles, or cousins?

What kind of family are you born into?

What kind of family do you create through marriage/children?

What kind of marriage exists within one’s own social group?

What kind of marriage exists outside one’s social group?

What kind of marriage is between two partners?

What kind of marriage is between multiple partners?

What term refers to the act of unmarried partners living together in a romantic relationship?

What term refers to the unpaid domestic labor women often perform after returning home from paid employment?

What term refers to the influences of divorce: education, age, economic stability?

What kind of social institution involves beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred?

What term refers to all that is set apart as extraordinary, inspiring awe or reverence?

What term refers to all ordinary elements of everyday life?

What term refers to a formal, ceremonial behavior that unites people through shared practice?

What term refers to all ideas held about the nature of the sacred?

What term refers to a large, established religious organization well integrated into society?

What term refers to a smaller, less formal, and less integrated religious group, often formed in protest against a mainstream church?

What term refers to a religious group based on new or unconventional beliefs existing outside mainstream traditions?

What term refers to an independent and recognized branch of a larger church?

What term refers to the public rituals, symbols, and beliefs that link the nation to something sacred?

What term refers to the decline in the social significance of religious beliefs and institutions?

What term refers to a value system that emphasizes discipline, hard work, and frugality that Max Weber linked to the rise of Capitalism?

What term refers to the social institution through which society provides knowledge, skills, and cultural values?

What term refers to formal instruction under the direction of trained teachers?

What functions, such as skill-building and socialization, are intended?

What unintended functions of schooling are childcare and peer networks?

What consequences of schooling include inequality, labeling, or reinforcing social disadvantage?

What term refers to the process of assigning students to different academic programs based on perceived ability?

What term refers to the unwritten lessons about obedience, punctuality, discipline, and social norms?

What term refers to the increasing emphasis on formal educational degrees as requirements for jobs and status?

What term refers to the idea that students often perform in accordance with teachers’ beliefs about their abilities?

What term refers to the disciplinary practices that push studens out of school and into the criminal justice system?

What term refers to the differences in school resources based on local tax revenue?

What kind of learning occurs outside formal school settings (common in lower-income nations)?