pUnit 7: Motivation, Emotion, Personalit

unconscious strategies used to reduce internal conflict

emotional release, release aggressive energy to relieve aggressive urges

tendency to form judgement based on neutral level

perception of one situtation based on other's situation

happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust

injected norepinephrine and used a confederate to illicit certain emotions

had a baby monkey with a wire food mama and comfort mama; proved physical touch created connection

id, ego, and superego

primitive, untamed desires

reason, logic, and safety

morality

parents and society

the ego mediating between the id and superego

to protect and lessen the stress on the ego

repression, regressions, reaction formation, rationalization, displacement, denial, projection, intellectualization, sublimation

unconscious forgetting

returning to earlier, comforting behavior

expressing opposite emotion

making excuses

redirecting feelings towards something/one other than target

refusal to believe idea

putting your feelings on someone else

obtaining knowledge about something to have sense of control

channeling feelings towards a socially acceptable goal

when feeling good, more likely to do good

causes of stress

how we react to changes in environment

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe

general response of people and animals to a stressful event

Hans Seyle

Alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion

Prolonged stay in resistance phase uses up the body's resources, so when in exhaustion stage, there are less resources the body could use to protect itself with

Less perceived control leads to more stress

when a drive is caused by need, we try to fulfill that drive and reduce it so the body maintains homeostasis

biological needs

learned needs (ex. money)

we seek an optimum level of excitement/arousal

moderate arousal leads to optimum performance

reward = more motivated to do, punishment = less motivated to do

people are normally at a baseline state, but going out of that baseline leads to feeling an opponent process trying to return them to baseline. When person experiences withdrawal while trying to return to baseline, the baseline changes

cognitive theory of emotion

physiological, safety, belongingness, self-esteem, self-actualization

make you feel hungry

you'll never feel hungry

make you feel full

you'll never stop eating because you'll never feel full

hypothalamus tries to maintain it's set body weight by influencing the basal metabolic rate

how quickly the body uses energy

learned taste adversion

eating disorder where you binge-eat and purge

self-starvation, underweight

1. initial excitement, 2. plateau, 3. orgasm, 4. resolution

William Masters and Virginia Johnson

males

fear of new foods

estrogen

testosterone

being motivated by societal standards

motivated by desire to master skills and knowledge and reach personal goals

motivated by outside rewards

motivated by feelings of enjoyment and satisfaction

brain

sexual preference

stronger together than alone

intrinsic

extrinsic

employees only work for rewards and to avoid punishment

employees are intrinsically motivated to work and set policies to encourage this

both choices seem good

both choices seem bad

one choice seems good, other choice seems bad

both choices have good and bad

memory

stomach contractions and hypothalamus

inverse

theory y

stim -> biological reaction caused by stress ->emotion

stim -> biological reaction AND emotion

stim -> bio reaction -> cognitive interpretation -> emotion

Stanley Schachter

yes

unique attitudes, behaviors, and emotions of a person

competitive, easily angered, feel pressured, work hard, play hard

relaxed, easy going

Type A

oral, anal, phallic, latency, gential

boys sexually desire mother and view father as rival

girls sexually desire father and view mother as rival

believe development has stages and is discontinuous

girls wanting to have a penis

boys fearing castration if they misbehave

emulate and attachment to the threatening individual

when repressing sexual thoughts due to school and other issues (6 yr - puberty)

birth to 1

1 to 3

3 to 5

puberty to death

fixation on oral related things such as chewing gum and overeating

messy and disorganized

neat, hyperorganized, and compulsive

life instinct

death instinct

pleasure principle

reality principle

ego is responsible for negotiating between the desires of the id and the environment

men jealous of women being able to carry children

Neo-Freudian

contains painful memories and thoughts the person does not want to confront

archetypes/ universal concepts the collective shares as a species

anxiety

inferiority

public image

the feminine side of males

the masculine side of females

anima and animus

journey of the soul to form independent personality

fate

extraversion, agreeableness, concientiousness, openess, neuroticism

Costa and McCrae

how easy it is to get along with someone

high levels means organized and hardworking

curiousity and willingness to try new things

emotional stability

analyzing multiple factors to find the main factors

believe that it's impossible to classify everyone with the same basic traits, they need a few specific traits

cardinal, central, and secondary

one trait that plays a pivotal role in everything

influence personality

They fail to take into account the situation in which the personality manifests

yes

Hippocrates (4 humors)

ecto iis shy, meso is condiden and assertive, and endo is friendly and outgoing

reward and punishment shapes personality

personality is created by interaction between the traits, environment, and behavior

triadic reciprocality

Bandura

self-assurance

personality is based on how people view the world

Kelly

behavior is influenced by cognition

belief that ___ controls their life

belief that you control your life and responsible for events that happen to you

belief that luck and forces outside of their control are responsible for events in life

the past dictates the present