The Global Tapestry

Term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the Tang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism.

Exams that Chinese bureaucrats passed to serve in state, based on Confucian concepts, Han origins.

independent state that has to acknowledge the supremacy of another state and pay tribute to its ruler

An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.

Capital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million.

extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions

A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia.

(1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureuacrats.

Also known as the mongol peace. A time when global trade expanded due to the political stability provided by mongol rulers.

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.

Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.

Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship.

adopting or adapting some cultural traits but discarding others

Emperor
Shogun
Daimyos
Samurai
Ronin

The Feudal Japanese code of honor among the warrior class.

A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.

Buddhist temples that have multi-storied towers with an upward curving roof at each floor

an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule

(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Muslim could be a part of.

the system of Islamic law, based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Qu'ran

A caliph is a successor to the prophet Muhammad and leader.
A caliphate is the area which the caliph rules.

A member of the Turkish-speaking ethnic group in Turkey, or, formerly, in the Ottoman Empire

Muslim ruler

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controlled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi.

Large ships favored by Indian, Persian, and Arab sailors that could carry up to four hundred tons of cargo.

Triangular sail on a short mast

seasonal wind in India, the winter monsoon brings hot, dry weather and the summer monsoon brings rain

Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.

a center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s

First wife of muhammad and first to convert to Islam.

The holy book of Islam

property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage

the intentional killing of baby girls due to the preference for male babies and from the low value associated with the birth of females

living quarters reserved for wives and concubines and female relatives in a Muslim household

having more than one spouse at a time

secondary wives. Known as prostitutes today.

Groups of people traveling together for safety over long distances
A caravanserai was a "Hotel" where caravans could spend the night.

Isolation of women in separate quarters

Schools that teach the Islamic religion

a headscarf worn by Muslim women

mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life

An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.

one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India

Southern Indian kingdom (1336-1565) that later fell to the Mughals.

set of kingdoms in India that arose after the fall of the Gupta dynasty
were hundreds of kingdoms ruled by land owning Kshatriyas.
wealthy due to trade and a good economy.
Hindu beliefs and this is when the practice of sati began, as well as purdah (the separation of women from society).

to convert someone to a faith, belief, or cause

Degree to which decision-making authority is given to lower levels in an organization's hierarchy.

A Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters and used as a literary language since the 1300s.

Regional princes in western India; emphasized military control of their regions

a king or prince in India; a minor chief or dignitary

a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith

A maritime empire that controlled the Sunda strait the strait of Malacca between India and China. HS: control strengthened trade routes to China, India, and even Arabia

vast archipelagic empire based on the island of Java from 1293 to around 1500; one of the last major empires of the region and is considered to be one of the greatest and most powerful empires in the history of Indonesia and Southeast Asia, one that is sometimes seen as the precedent for Indonesia's modern boundaries

Kingdom on the island of Sri Lanka/Ceylon

Situated near the Mekong River and did not depend on seafaring for its power. It benefited from good irritation and drainage and became one

Kingdom, from Thailand, who forced the Khmer's out in 1431

Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half.

Capital of the Byzantine Empire

A branch of Christianity that developed in the Byzantine Empire and that did not recognize the Pope as its supreme leader

A political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment, as in the Byzantine Empire.

Government established at Kiev in Ukraine around 879 CE by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population.

Western European branch of Christianity that gradually defined itself as
separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with a major break in 1054 C.E. that has still not been healed.

Puts the Pope as the head of the church

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

This killed between one-third and two-thirds of the population in less than five years. The epidemic spanned from China to England to North Africa, transmitted along the Silk Road and other trade routes.

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Maintained order, provided relatively stable and effective government, later provided impetus (a force that moves something along) for ocean-going explorations

Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land.

an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.

A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe.

"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome

hostility to or prejudice against Jews.

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice.

(1400 B.C.E. to 500 B.C.E.) earliest known Mexican civilization,lived in rainforests along the Gulf of Mexico, developed calendar and constructed public buildings and temples, carried on trade with other groups.priests/aristocrats were at the top of society, built a ceremonial center, wroshiped the jaguar and werejaguar, best remains are the stone carved heads at la venta, use of calendar, spread through trade, known for art, most important legacy was priestly leadership and devotion

A Native American people, living in what is now Mexico and northern Central America, who had a flourishing civilization from before the birth of Jesus until around 1600, when they were conquered by the Spanish. They are known for their astronomical observations, accurate calendars sophisticated hieroglyphics, and pyramids.

A geographic region in the western hemisphere that was home of the Mayan and Aztec civilizations.

The areas through which the Andes mountains run and the Andean cultures developed

Period of North and South American history before the arrival of the Europeans in the late 15th century.

An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information.

Incan language

Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.

The capital city of the Incan Empire, Located in present-day Peru

Capital of the Aztec Empire

Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations.

Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items

a person who is killed as part of a religious ritual

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas

Portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara.

Ethiopian king who had Christian churches carved downward into mountains

First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. gold and salt trade.

Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade.

Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali

Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa.

Communities of traders from a common culture living together outside their native homeland. They formed in ports, cities, and other important locations along major trade routes. Examples are communities of Jews living in Muslim Cairo, or an enclave of Muslim merchants living in Calicut on the coast of South Asia

The name Zimbabwe means, "dwelling of the chief". Great Zimbabwe was a city of stone towers, palaces and buildings. All of the buildings were built in the early thirteenth century. Zimbabwe had a complex and organized society. Their organized society was one of the reasons they were able to construct the Great Zimbabwe that housed up to eighteen thousand people by the lat fifteenth century. The kingdom of Zimbabwe stretched from the Swahili city of Sofala to the interior of south central Africa. Zimbabwe is the best known of the kingdoms. It managed trade between internal and coastal regions which put them in a position of wealth and power.

East African highland nation lying east of the Nile River.

The Egyptian variety of Christianity, distinctive in its belief that Christ has only a single, divine nature.

the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes

Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.

City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning.

Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the Mali Empire