Study Guide for Exam 10

Provides structure and protects the body together and protects fragile organs

It allows the movement/action of your body and organs such as digestion

Consists of skin/hair/nails which defends the body, regulates temperature, responds to stimuli

It’s the process/system where food is digestive and nutrients is absorbed

Heart, blood, vessels transport nutrition, oxygen, waste throughout the body, defense against disease

Nose, lungs, trachea brings oxygen into the body and disposes carbon dioxide

Brain and nerves controls body function and responses (receives, processes, responds)

It’s the system that helps fight/protect you from harmful bacteria/viruses

Contains nutrients only using it in harsh circumstances (like the bone cavity)

Bone vessels in an air-distributed structure

Connective tissue that is more flexible than bone (ear)

Attach muscle to the bone

Attach bone to bone (connective tissue in the moveable joint)

Are joints stuck in place such as your skull and ribs

Are joints allowing you to move such as your shoulder, wrist

Mineral loss leads to your bones becoming weak

Blood vessel leaving the heart

Blood vessel coming back to the heart to transport blood

In thin-walled vessels nutrients & oxygen delivered through them (where our blood is brought into capillaries)

Largest artery blocks the blood from the heart before sending it to capillaries

Pumps blood from the heart (bottom of the heart)

Hold blood (oxygenated or unoxygenated) that loads in the heart (receives)

Is the cell that supplies nutrients to other organs (muscle)

Condition where you don’t have enough red blood cells to carry nutrients

A is based on which antigen found on our red blood cells

Is a germ that causes disease

Substance that your immune system recognizes as foreign (vaccines)

Release special chemical called clotting factors, plug cuts to prevent blood loss

Force of your blood pushing against the wall of your arteries as your heart pumps

Is “silent killer” which has high blood pressure and can for long periods lead to problems such as stroke, kidney problems, heart attack

Is a important nutrient in every cell, but too much leads to problems such as clotting in the blood vessels & plaque grease

Occurs when blood flow is blocked, heart

Occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating

A specialized impulse-conducting cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system

Chemical signals the body sends to communicate throughout body/marked homeostasis

Their bones have more in order to leave the womb

1. Provides shape/support 2. Enables you to move 3. Protects your internal organs 4. Produce blood cells 5. Stores certain materials until your body needs them

1. Socket - shoulder 2. Hinge - elbow 3. Pivot - neck

No, they are not under conscious control. They are responsible for activities such as respiratory & digesting

Voluntary muscles like arms & legs ARE under conscious control

1. Cardiac: Repeated contraction without tiring (circulatory system) 2. Skeletal: Attached to bones (movement) voluntary 3. Smooth: Found in organs (digestive system, blood vessels)

Shin & calf, Bicep & triceps, Abdomen & lower back (back muscles), Quadricep & Hamstring

When you contract your hamstrings, your quadriceps relax

1. Produce Vitamin D 2. Prevent water loss 3. Maintain body temperature 4. Protects from injury & infection 5. Eliminate waste 6. Gather info about the environment

Epidermis: Outer layer - protects the cells underneath. Dermis: Beneath the epidermis, provides support (contains nerves and vessels, sweat glands, follicles that grow hair, and oil glands)

Your heart rate increases since your body needs oxygen. Pumps more blood and remove carbon

The duration will increase the heart rate till it’s max. Once recovery will decrease the heart rate till its set

Oxygen, nutrients, waste, immune cells, and hormones

1. Plasma (55%) 2. Red blood cells (40-45%) 3. White blood cells (~1%) 4. Platelets (~1%)

1. Physical barrier: Skin protects from bacteria & pathogens 2. Innate immune system: First respond and kill bacteria (cause fever) 3. Adaptive immune system: Adapts and learns the target

Mouth: Break down food. Esophagus: Tube connected to mouth and stomach. Stomach: Break down into fluids. Small intestine: Absorb water and electrolytes. Large intestine: Most digestion/absorption. Rectum: Remove waste. Liver: Process nutrients. Gallbladder: Help digest fat (store bile). Pancreas: Break down proteins, fats, carbohydrates

It circulates blood from the heart to the lungs

Short loop from heart to lungs back to the heart. From there, the heart will send it on systemic circulation

It circulates blood from the heart to the body

Blood flows from heart to body parts (other organs)

Lungs, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, pharynx, diaphragm, oral and nasal cavity, alveoli, bronchioles, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein

Structured in a way that allows air to travel efficiently

Nose/Mouth: Cavity air enters, air passes through the throat to the trachea (into lungs) then into bronchi, which is in the lungs, then finally to the alveoli where oxygen is absorbed into blood

Neurons transmit information to other nerves, tissues, or cells

It receives info, processes it, and sends a response

Cerebrum: Thinking. Cerebellum: Coordination. Brain Stem: Survive (breathing). Lobes of the cerebrum: 1. Frontal - planning 2. Parietal 3. Occipital 4. Temporal

Good food/diet

Exercise, stretching

Limit sun exposure & wear sunscreen & drink water

Keep learning

No smoking, exercise

Staying healthy (diet, no smoking, exercise)

Get immunizations, emotional management

Reaction time is how fast your body responds

Neuromuscular system is how your nerves and muscles work together