1What is نون ساكنة?
It is the letter ن that carries a sukoon (ْن) and has no vowel.
2What happens to نون ساكنة when followed by certain letters?
It undergoes one of four Tajwīd rules: إظهار، إدغام، إقلاب، إخفاء.
3What does إقلاب mean?
It means to change the نون ساكنة into a ميم when followed by the letter ب.
4What letter triggers إقلاب?
Only the letter ب (ba).
5What is the application of إقلاب?
The ن is hidden and changed into a م with ghunnah and lips closed before pronouncing ب.
6How is إقلاب different from شفوي إخفاء?
In إقلاب, ن is changed to م and pronounced with lips and nasal sound; in شفوي إخفاء, م is hidden but not changed.
7What does إخفاء mean?
It means to hide or blend the نون ساكنة into the following letter with ghunnah.
8Which letters cause إخفاء for نون ساكنة?
ت، ث، ج، د، ذ، ز، س، ش، ص، ض، ط، ظ، ف، ق، ك (15 letters)
9How is إخفاء pronounced?
The ن is hidden and blended into the next letter with a 2-beat ghunnah.
10What is إدغام?
It means to merge نون ساكنة into the next letter so that it disappears or assimilates.
11What are the letters of إدغام?
ي، ر، م، ل، و، ن — known as “يرملون”
12What are the two types of إدغام?
إدغام بغنة (with ghunnah) and إدغام بغير غنة (without ghunnah)
13Which letters cause إدغام with ghunnah?
ي، ن، م، و
14Which letters cause إدغام without ghunnah?
ر، ل
15What happens in إدغام without ghunnah?
The ن sound disappears completely and no nasal sound is made.
16What happens in إدغام with ghunnah?
The ن sound is merged with the next letter but a nasal sound (ghunnah) is preserved for 2 beats.
17What is إدغام كامل?
Complete merging of ن into the next letter, including ghunnah and use of shaddah — applies to م، ن، ر، ل
18What is إدغام ناقص?
Incomplete merging where ن is assimilated but ghunnah is retained — applies to و، ي
19What is the golden rule for إدغام?
It is never applied within one word; it only occurs between two words.
20What is an example of an exception to إدغام?
Words like الدنيا and بنيان — this is called إظهار مطلق.
21What is إظهار?
It means to clearly pronounce نون ساكنة without any merging or ghunnah.
22What are the letters of إظهار?
ء، هـ، ع، ح، غ، خ — the six حروف حلقية (throat letters)
23What happens in إظهار?
The ن is pronounced clearly and separately before the next letter.
24What is إظهار مطلق?
Clear pronunciation of ن even though it meets an إدغام letter within one word — examples: الدنيا and بنيان
25What is an easy way to remember إدغام letters?
Use the mnemonic “يرملون”
26How many total letters trigger إخفاء?
15 letters
27How many total letters trigger إدغام?
6 letters
28What happens if the نون ساكنة is followed by a ن or م?
It is إدغام with ghunnah (إدغام بغنة) and shaddah is applied
29What is a sign of إدغام on the next letter?
It will have a shaddah (ّ) on it
30How is إخفاء different from إدغام?
In إخفاء, ن is hidden with nasal sound but not fully merged; in إدغام, ن is merged and may or may not have nasalization
31What does غنة mean?
A nasal sound held for 2 beats
32What is an easy mistake students make with إدغام?
They apply it inside a word — which is not correct; it must only happen between two words