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is a bundle of nerve fibers held together by layers of connective tissue.

nerves can be _,_,_ carrying both sensory and motor fibers

The routes nerve impulses travel are called ___, the simplest of which is a reflex arc.

includes a sensory receptor, a sensory neuron, an interneuron in the spinal cord, a motor neuron, and an effector

are automatic, subconscious responses to stimuli that help maintain homeostasis (heart rate, blood pressure, etc.) and carry out automatic responses (vomiting, sneezing, swallowing, etc.).

is an example of a monosynaptic reflex (no interneuron).

involves sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.

The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by membranes called ___ that lie between the bone and the soft tissues

The outermost meninx is made up of tough, white dense connective tissue, contains many blood vessels, and is called the

The sheath around the spinal cord is separated from the vertebrae by an

The middle meninx, the ___, is thin and lacks blood vessels.

Between the arachnoid and pia mater is a __ containing cerebrospinal fluid.

The innermost __ is thin and contains many blood vessels and nerves.

begins at the base of the brain and extends as a slender cord to the level of the intervertebral disk between the first and second lumbar vertebrae.