1deterministic effects of radiation on humans
1. acute radiation syndrome
2. local tissue damage
3. hematologic depression
4. cytogenetic damage
2acute radiation syndrome
a. hematologic syndrome
b. gastrointestinal syndrome
c. central nervous system syndrome
3local tissue damage
a. skin
b. gonads
c. extremeties
4stochastic effects of radiation on humans
1. leukemia
2. other malignant disease
3. local tissue damage
4. shortening of life span
5. genetic damage
5other malignant disease
a. bone cancer
b. lung cancer
c. thyroid cancer
d. breast cancer
6local tissue damage (b)
a. skin
b. gonads
c. eyes
7genetic damage
a. cytogenetic damage
b. doubling dose
c. genetically significant dose
8effects of fetal radiation
1. prenatal death
2. neonatal death
3. congenital malformation
4. childhood malignancy
5. diminished growth and development
9if the radiation response increases in severity with increasing radiation dose, it is called __ and occurs within days after the radiation exposure
deterministic effect
10if the incidence of the radiation response increases with the increasing radiation dose, it is called a __ and it is not observed for months or years
stochastic effect
11it is the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on biologic tissue
radiobiology
12The portion of the cell cycle between mitotic events. It is the period of growth of the cell between divisions
interphase
13the gap in cell growth between M and S is _, it is the pre-DNA synthesis phase
G1
14It is the DNA synthesis phase. During this period, each DNA molecule is replicated into two identical daughter DNA molecules
S phase
15the post DNA synthesis gap of cell growth
G2
16the chromosomes are not visible
interphase
17the nucleus swells and the DNA becomes more prominent and begins to take structural form
prophase
18the chromosomes appear and are lined up along the equator of the nucleus. radiation-induced chromosome damage is analyzed during this period
metaphase
19characterized by the splitting of each chromosome at the centromere, so that a centromere and two chromatids are connected by a fiber (spindle fibers) to the poles (spindles) of the nucleus
anaphase
20characterized by disappearance of structural chromosomes into a mass of DNA and the closing off of the nuclear membrane, into two nuclei
telophase