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skeletal muscle anatomy

nonmovable end

movable end

middle

muscles that work together

muscles that oppose each other

decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together.

typical of hinge joints (bending the knee or elbow) & ball-and-socket joints (for example, bending forward at the hip).

movement that increases the angle, or distance, between two bones or parts of the body (straightening the knee or elbow).

Extension that is greater than 180°

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
- common movement of ball-and socket Joints & describes the movement of then atlas around the dens of the axis

moving a limb away (generally in the frontal plane) from the
midline, or median plane, of the body

opposite of Abduction, movement of a limb toward the body midline

a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction commonly seen in ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder.
- The proximal end of the limb is stationary, and its distal end moves in a circle.

Lifting the foot so that its
superior surface approaches the shin (pointing
your toe toward your head)

whereas pointing the toes away from your head

To invert the foot, turn the sole
medially, as if you were looking at the bottom
of your foot.

To evert the foot, turn the sole
laterally.

occurs when the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly and the radius and ulna are parallel, as in anatomical position.

occurs when the forearm rotates medially so that the palm faces posteriorly
Pronation brings the radius across the ulna so that the two bones form an X

In the palm of the hand, the saddle joint between metacarpal 1 and the carpals allows opposition of the thumb