1The introduction of imaging methods that produced
digital images began in the ____ with
nuclear medicine followed shortly by computed
tomography (CT) and ultrasound.
mid-1970s to late 1970s
2In particular, the rapid growth of__ resulted in radiology
departments and practices having to determine how best
to display and store the images.
CT
3The earliest CT systems
used __ images taken of the console display as a
way to record the images for viewing.
polaroid
4 Manufacturers responded with film recorders that could
expose film to the CT image displayed on a ___; the film could be processed in conventional xray rapid processors and handled like any other
radiographic films
cathode ray tube
5development of ___ represents one of the major enabling factors for PACS
DICOM
6in the early ____, as each manufacturer utilized proprietary encoding for images, it became apparent that it was difficult for medical imaging to be viewed or stored outside of the boundaries of the original acquisition modality, and indeed as a result of this some hospitals were forced into purchasing all equipment from a single manufacturer.
1890s
7the first major meeting on PACS was held.
1982
8Organized by _____, the
meeting was held in Newport Beach, California and
most of the United States, European, and Asian
groups who were working on, or planning, PACS were
in attendance
Sam Dwyer and Andre Duerinckx
9was an early attempt to standardize
the way medical images were stored and transferred between
devices.
ACR-NEMA 300 STANDARD
10Here’s
what ACR-NEMA 300 could do:
basic image formatting
data elements for image and patient information
point to point data transfer
early compatibility between vendors
11ACR-NEMA 300 STANDARD limitations
no network support
lack of file management
inconsistent implementation
12• In response to the limitations of ACR-NEMA 300, the ACR-NEMA
Version 2.0 was published in __
1988
13This version aimed to enhance the
standard by improving image data transmission capabilities and
expanding the range of supported modalities
acr-nema 300 v2
14Until 1993 there was little adoption
of the ACR-NEMA standard In 1993,
an extensively revised version of the
standard was produced, renamed
digital imaging and communications in medicine DICOM
15A key feature of DICOM that
distinguished it from its
predecessor was the
use of evolving computer networks
Internet technology and protocols