1The muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement
prime mover or agonist
2Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement.
antagonists
3When a prime mover is active, its antagonist is
stretched and relaxed
4helpers of prime movers by producing the same movement or by reducing undesirable movements.
synergists
5They hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover so all the tension can be used to move the insertion bone. The postural muscles that stabilize the vertebral column are fixators, as are the muscles that anchor the scapulae to the thorax.
fixator
6Muscles are named according to
direction
location
origin/insertion
size
shape
function
7direction - straight
rectus
8direction - slant
oblique
9muscles of head and neck (OOOTZBM)
occipitofrontalis
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
temporalis
zygomaticus
buccinator
masseter
10raises eyebrows (forehead)
occipitofrontalis
11allow blinking (eyes)
orbicularis oculi
12kissing muscle (mouth)
orbicularis oris
13synergist of the masseter in closing the jaw
temporalis
14smiling muscle (cheek)
zygomaticus
15it flattens the cheek (as in whistling or blowing a trumpet)
buccinator
16chewing (masticaton) muscle
masseter
17covers the anterolateral neck
pull the corners of the mouth inferiorly, producing a downward sag of the mouth
platysma
18muscles are two headed muscles, one found on each side of the neck.
sternocleidomastoid