clinical aspects part 3

also called pleuritis inflammation of the pleura, usually associated with infection.

is the common symptom of pleurisy.

Condition When air or gas collects in this space

Fluid in the pleural cavity

Pus in the pleural cavity

Blood in the thoracic cavity

Fluid in the trochaic cavity

chest radiographs, CT scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, methods for diagnosing respiratory disorders include

bronchoscopy, and tests of pleural fluid removed by

In the mouth, bacterial infection contributes to tooth decay or

mild gum infection

more extensive involvement of the deeper tissues and bony support around the tooth

results from infection of the appendix, often secondary to its obstruction.

infection of the peritoneal cavity.

lesion of the skin or a mucous membrane marked by inflammation and tissue damage.

lining of the GI tract

protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening.

part of the stomach moves upward into the chest cavity through the space (hiatus) in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes.

difficulty in swallowing

opening between the stomach and small intestine is too narrow.
usually occurs in infants and in boys more often than in girls.

are varicose veins in the rectum associated with pain, bleeding, and, in some cases, rectal prolapse

refers to reflux of gastric juices into the esophagus due to weakness at the gastroesophageal junction, specifically the LES (lower esophageal sphincter)

chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall, usually in the ileum and colon, causing pain, diarrhea, abscess, and often formation of an abnormal passageway, or fistula.

involves a continuous inflammation of the colon’s lining that begins in the rectum and extends proximally

It is spread by fecal-oral contamination, often by food handlers, and in crowded, unsanitary conditions. It may also be acquired by eating contaminated food, especially seafood.

is spread by blood and other body fluids. It may be transmitted sexually, by sharing injection needles, and by close interpersonal contact. Infected individuals may become carriers of the disease. Most patients recover, but the disease may be serious, even fatal, and may lead to liver cancer.

is spread through blood and blood products or by close contact with an infected person.

is highly pathogenic but infects only those already infected with hepatitis B.

is spread by contaminated food and water. It has caused epidemics in Asia, Africa, and Mexico.

“inflammation of the liver,” but this disease also causes necrosis (death) of liver cells.

is a symptom of hepatitis and other diseases of the liver and biliary system

most commonly affects the colon.

small pouches in the intestinal wall that commonly appear with age.

is a chronic liver disease characterized by hepatomegaly, edema, ascites (fluid in the abdomen), and jaundice. Disease progression leads to internal bleeding and brain damage caused by changes in the blood’s composition.

refers to the presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

inflammation of the gallbladder.

Most gallstones are composed of

inflammation of the pancreas, may result from alcohol abuse, drug toxicity, bile obstruction, infections, and other causes.