chapter 4

refers to the
communication channels through
which we disseminate news, music,
movies, education, promotional
messages and other data

can be defined as all the
ways of life including arts, beliefs
and institutions of a population that
are passed down from generation
to generation

Situations created through globalization
and media make people conceive they
belong to one world called global
village

Situations created through globalization
and media make people conceive they
belong to one world called

the one that
offers special insights

Globalization
which refers to
economic and
political
integration on a
world scale, has a
crucial cultural
dimension in
which the media
has the central
role.

is
about how most
national media
systems have
become more
internationalized,
becoming more
open to outside
influences, both in
their content and in
their ownership and
control

Humans are allowed to cooperate and
communicate through language.
Languages as a means to develop the
ability to communicate across culture
are the lifeline of globalization
Language contributes to the formation
of culture. Language is in a sense the
substance of culture

Of all forms of media, this is
the oldest and most enduring.

Writing is humankind’s principal technology for collecting,
manipulating, storing, retrieving, communicating and
disseminating information. Writing may have been invented
independently three times in different parts of the world: in
the Near East, China and Mesoamerica. Writing is a system
of graphic marks representing the units of a specific
language. Cuneiform script created in Mesopotamia,
present-day Iraq, is the only writing system which can be
traced to its earliest prehistoric origin.

refers to the broadcast or storage
media that take advantage of
electronic technology.

The most powerful
and pervasive mass media is

is considered the most important media
influencing globalization.

participates in the
reinforcing of boundaries of
culture and identity.

has the most difficult
relationship with globalism

is connected with the specific faiths with
ethnic groups whereby religion and culture were often fused
into a single unit. It is also connected to the survival of
particular ethnic groups.

involved the rise of vernacular language
endowed with the symbolic ability of offering privileged
access to the sacred and often promoted by empires

connected the consolidation of specific
nations with particular confessions and has been a popular
strategy both in Western and eastern Europe

complemented religious nationalization
by forcing groups to identify with specific religious traditions
of real or imagine national homelands or to adopt a more
universalist vision of religion

It is the perspective of most intellectuals and academics. Its view is that all secularizations would eventually look
alike and the different religions would all end up as the same secular and “rational” philosophy. It sees religion
revivals as sometimes being a reaction to the Enlightenment and modernization.

It rejects the Enlightenment, modernist values of rationalism, empiricism, and science, along with the
Enlightenment, modernist structures of capitalism, bureaucracy, and even liberalism. The core value of
post-modernism is expressive individualism. The post-modernist perspective can include “spiritual experiences,”
but only those without religious constraints. Post-modernism is largely hyper- secularism, and it joins modernism
in predicting, and eagerly anticipating, the disappearance of traditional religions. Globalization, by breaking up
and dissolving every traditional, local, and national structure, will bring about the universal triumph of
expressive individualism.

is connected with the specific faiths with ethnic groups
whereby religion and culture were often fused into a single unit. It is also
connected to the survival of particular ethnic groups.