Chapter 5: Vocabulary

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

small building blocks of proteins (like links in a chain), released when proteins are digested

enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the boy

blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant)

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, which breaks up large fat globules

pigment released by the liver in the bile

intestine

pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors

first part of the large intestine

portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duedenum

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

swallowing

primary material found in teeth, which is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

first part of the small intestine

act of removal of materials from the body

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

tube connecting the throat to the stomach

substances produced when fats are digested

solid wastes; stool

small sac under the liver; stores bile

simple sugar

starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

substance produced in the stomach; necessary for digestion of food

third part of the small intestine

any one of four front teeth in the dental arch

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas, which transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

second part of the small intestine

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

large organ that secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins, destroys worn-out red blood cells; and filters out toxens

ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach

chewing

sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch

roof of the mouth

organ behind the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes

small projections on the tongue

salivary gland within the cheek

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

thoart

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

enzyme that digests protein

soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach

distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

digestive juice produced by salivary glands

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus

fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glyceral

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream