1What conditions can cause pre-renal azotemia?
drugs
heart failure
renal artery stenosis
hemorrhage
2What are the intrinsic conditions that cause an AKI?
glomerularnephritis
interstitial nephritis
tubular necrosis
rhabdomyolysis
3What are the intrinsic causes of AKI?
gram negative sepsis
toxins
myoglobinuria
ischmia
4What are the causes of post renal AKI?
obstruction
neoplasm
prostate hypertrophy
5What conditions cause a post renal AKI?
nephrolithiasis
BPH
tumor (bladder?)
6A patient with a pre renal azotemia may present with?
vomiting
diarrhea
glycosuria causing polyuria
orthostatic htn
tachycardia
reduced JVP
decreased skin turgor
dry mucous membranes
7What are the s/s of post renal AKI?
colicky pain radiation to the groin
nocturia
urinary frequency
abdominal fullness
suprapubic pain
8Frank hematuria with clots is more common in?
bladder disease
9Flank pain with colic (intermittent pain) is more common with?
nephrolithiasis
ureteral obstruction
10Flank pain with colic is more common with?
acute urinary obstruction
pyelonephritis
interstitial nephritis
11What is the work up for an AKI and what will you see?
urinalysis
CMP
will show increased SCr and decreased urine output
12What can you see on labwork with nephrotic syndrome?
proteinuria
oval fat bodies in urine
fatty casts
hypoalbunemia
hyperlipidemia
13Three defining features of nephrotic syndrome?
edema
hypoalbunemia
proteinuria
14How do patients with postinfectious glomerulonephritis present?
hypertension
edema
abnormal urinalysis
15Which stages of CKD are usually asyptomatic?
1 and 2
16What are the risk factors for CKD?
HTN
DM
african ancestry
small for gestational age or birth
family history
prior AKI
childhood obesity
over 60
autoimmune dz
17What are the 2 most common causes of CKD?
DM (1)
HTN (2)
18What are some common s/s of CKD?
decreased appetite
weight changes
naussea
hiccups
peripheral edema
muscle cramps
pruritus
restless leg
problems with pregnancy
19What is the work up for CKD?
CBC
urinalysis
CMP
EGFR
albuminuria
20What imaging can you do for CKD?
ultrasound
21What is a normal BUN?
7-24
22What is a normal Cr?
0.7-1.4
23What is a normal potassium?
3.5-5.5
24What is the normal range for bicarb?
22-26
25What is the normal range of carbon dioxide?
35-45
26What is a normal hemoglobin?
about 15
27What is the triad for renal cell carcinoma? And what does it indicate?
flank pain
hematuria
mass
these are the signs of advance disease
28What other symptoms can you see with renal carcinoma?
symptoms of metastatic disease
cough
bone pain
anemia
29What is the treatment for nephrotic?
steroids