ETHICS (1)

•can be about the way we each live our own life, •but mostly it is about the ways we interact with one another.
Tink about this in two ways:
"how should I behave towards the people around me?,
"how should society be organized?"

•It guide us along a pathway to deal more effectively
withethical dilemmas by Siminating
those
•Behaviors that do not conform to our sense of right and wrong - our best rational interests - without sacrificing others.

PRACTICE VALUES:

- doing the right thing even when no one is watching.

- telling the truth.

- treating everyone equally.

- accepting the consequences
of our actions.

- valuing the rights and opinions of
others.

traits that helps and opens the society in:

(also known as POLITICAL MORALITY or PUBLIC ETHICS) is the practice of making moral judgments abour political action and poltical agents."

It covers two areas.
, which deals with public officials and the methods they use.(1st area)

concerns judgments about policies and laws.(area 2)d

two general features of public office:

This feature of public office refers to the duty of public officials to represent the people they serve.

+ General features of public office that refers to the structure and system of government institutions.

ETHICAL CODE:

- Leaders should use their authority responsibly and never abuse their power

-Policies should everyone
fairly and give opportunities to all citizens

-Laws should respect different beliefs, cultures, and traditions while promoting peace and unity

-Policies must follow the Constitution and existing laws to protect the rights of the people.

• have a right to an equal voice in deciding policies but in a pluralist society they disagree fundamentally about what policies are right.
• That suggests that even if we believe a policy to be right, we have to considers whether in light of the disagreement it should be modified, an alternative policy adopted, or exemptions allowed.

is a system of beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices centered on a higher power or the sacred. It helps people understand themeaning of life, teaches moral values, and guides how they should live and treat others.

DIFF RELIGIONS

Religion commonly includes:

• - what people believe about God, gods, or the supernatural.

• - principles that help people distinguish right from wrong.

• - acts of worship, prayer, rituals, and religious celebration

-provides beliefs and moral guidance that influence how people think, behave, and interact with others in society.

relationship between ethics and religion

-often provides moral guidelines that -help people decide what is right and wrong,

- helps people apply those moral values in everyday life through. -honesty, respect, fairness, responsibility, and compassion.

MORAL VALUES:

-occurs when individuals or groups hold extreme interpretations of religious beliefs and justify hatred, discrimination, or violence against others.

-emphasize that religion should promote peace, respect, and human dignity, not violence.

FOUR MAJOR THEME REGARDING
PEACE, EXTREMISM AND GLOBAL RESPONSIBILITY.:

•Some extremist groups use terrorism to spread fear and force others to accept their beliefs or political goals. •These actions harm innocent people and violate ethical principles such as respect for life, justice, and human rights.

• often leads to wars, displacement of families, destruction of communities, and loss of lives. •Beyond physical harm, it creates fear, hatred, and long-term social division

•One of the best ways to prevent extremism is through education that encourages respect for different cultures, religions, and viewpoints.
•Understanding diversity helps reduce prejudice and discrimination.

•Governments, schools, religious organizations, and international institutions work together to prevent extremism by promoting peace education, protecting human rights, and encouraging cooperation among different communities.

-is a global concern because it threatens peace, justice, and human dignity. Ethics teaches that conflicts should be resolved through respect, dialogue, compassion, and cooperation rather than hatred or violence.

-refers to the relationship between religious beliefs and public life in a society where people have different faiths or no religion at all.

is one in which the government remains neutral toward all religions. It does not favor one religion over another, allowing every person the freedom to practice their own religion or choose not to follow any religion.

At the same time, _____ continues to influence the personal values, beliefs, and moral decisions of many individuals.

The goal of a ________is to promote equality, respect, religious freedom, and peaceful coexistence among people with different beliefs

What Happens in a Secular Society?

- Everyone has the right to practice their religion or choose not to have one

- The government does not favor or discriminate against any religion.

- People with different beliefs are treated equally and respectfully.

- Citizens live together peacefully despite religious differences

respects all religions equally and protects every person's right to believe, worship, or choose not to follow a religion, while encouraging peaceful coexistence and mutual respect.

MGA TAO SA RELIGION OUTSIDE EYHICS

• Canadian philosopher
• describe the phenomenon as secularism, a consequence not so much of decline of religion but the appearance of other alternatives that compete with religion for recognition and popularity.

Earlier Times

is a religious leader commonly found in the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran churches. Priests are ordained to administer the sacraments, such as the Eucharist (Mass), Baptism, Confession, Marriage, and the Anointing of the Sick. In the Roman Catholic Church, priests are generally required to remain celibate, although some other Christian traditions allow married priests.

, on the other hand, is a religious leader who is most commonly found in Protestant churches, such as Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Pentecostal, and Evangelical denominations. The primary role of a pastor is to preach and teach the Bible, lead worship services, provide counseling, and shepherd the congregation

Today

-it has become necessary to consider how people think and do in ethics, given the altered role of religion in today's environment.

may be constructed not as an attempt to discredit religion but to expand our
understanding of ethics.

• He gives a sweeping argument that we are never justified in believing testimony that a miracle has occured, because the evidence for uniform aws of nature will always be stronger.
• he also defend what is now called "the Problem of Evil"

• stated that "Religion is the sign of the oppresses creature, the heart of heartless world, and the soul of soulless condition. It is opium of the people"

• In his book "New Introductory
Lectures on Psychoanalysis(1933)" he states that "Religion is an illusion and it derives its strength from the fact that it falls in with our instinctual desires"
• In "The Future of an Illusion" wrotes that "Religion is comparable to a childhood neurosis"
• "Moses and Monotheism" he suggested that "Religion is an attempts to assign to get control over the sensory world"

SIGMUND In his book he states that "Religion is an illusion and it derives its strength from the fact that it falls in with our instinctual desires"

• stated that "God is dead"
• Philosophy had shown that governments no longer needed to be organized around the idea of divine right to be legitimate, but rather the consent or rationality to governed- that moral theories could exist without reference to good.

• he wrote the Nicomachean (nyk-oh-muh-kee-uhn)
Ethics, Aristotle suggested the possibility of an ethics built around the formation of character through the acquisition and practice of virtues.

ARISTOTLE he wrote the:

• to be ——— is to commit oneself to a worthy undertaking repeatedly

• to be ——-means to strive towards an ever improving degree of perfection in doing a particular activity

• both ————are require for individual to achieve the
purpose(telos)

achieve the
purpose

• happiness is the ultimate purpose of life
• happiness as the fulfillment of human life
• happiness is the chief purpose of human life

• the reals of religion is aimed not to set religion aside but to expand alternative modes if ethical discourse.

provides an alternative the availability of ethics outside religion also improves understanding of ethics as a tool of critique.