1Identify the type of cell classified as immunocytes.
Lymphocytes
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2Enumerate the types of polymorphonuclear cells.
Basophils, Eosinophils, and Neutrophils.
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3Enumerate the types of mononuclear cells.
Lymphocytes and Monocytes.
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4Identify the four types of phagocytic cells.
Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils, and Monocytes.
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5Identify the series of cells that includes Basophils, Eosinophils, and Neutrophils.
Granulocytic Series.
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6True or False: As granulocytes mature, the nuclear chromatin becomes less condensed.
False.
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7Fill in the blank: During granulocyte maturation, nucleoli ________.
Disappear.
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8Identify the change in cytoplasm as granulocytes mature.
Abundant basophilic cytoplasm with nonspecific granulation progresses to scant cytoplasm containing specific granules.
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9Identify the nuclear change as granulocytes mature.
The nucleus indents and becomes segmented.
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10True or False: Overall cell size increases as granulocytes mature.
False.
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11Identify the exception to the rule that cell size decreases during granulocyte maturation.
Promyelocyte.
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12Identify the stage that is 14-20 µm in size and is the earliest recognizable granulocytic precursor using a light microscope.
Myeloblast.
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13What percentage of nucleated cells in the bone marrow are myeloblasts?
0-3%.
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14Enumerate the three types of granulocytes.
Basophils, Eosinophils, and Neutrophils.
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15Enumerate the two types of agranulocytes.
Lymphocytes and Monocytes.
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16Identify the nucleated cells that function in body defense.
White Blood Cells.
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17What is the SI reference range for WBCs in adults?
4.5-11.0 x 10^9/L.
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18What is the conventional reference range for WBCs in adults?
4,500-11,000/mm^3.
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19What is the SI reference range for WBCs in newborns?
13.5-38.0 x 10^9/L.
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20What is the conventional reference range for WBCs in newborns?
13,500-38,000/mm^3.
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21True or False: The difference between mm^3 and µl is significant.
False.
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22What is the total WBC range for a 6 month old?
6.0-17.5 x 10^9/L.
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23What is the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes in a 2 year old?
33% Neutrophils and 59% Lymphocytes.
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24What is the total WBC range for an adult (21 years old)?
4.5-11.0 x 10^9/L.
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25Identify the predominant WBC in an adult.
Neutrophil.
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26Identify the predominant WBC in children less than 4 years of age.
Lymphocyte.
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27Identify the most valuable and reliable criterion for determining WBC maturity.
Nuclear Chromatin Pattern.
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28Identify the myeloblast type where the nucleus occupies most of the cell, with very little cytoplasm and no visible granules.
Type I myeloblast.
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29Identify the myeloblast type that shows the presence of dispersed primary (azurophilic) granules not exceeding 20 per cell.
Type II myeloblast.
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30Identify the most important myeloblast type.
Type II myeloblast.
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31Identify the myeloblast type that contains more than 20 granules that do not obscure the nucleus.
Type III myeloblast.
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32Identify the stage that is 16-25 µm, has a round to oval eccentric nucleus, and is full of primary granules.
Promyelocyte.
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33Identify the term for the hollow in the cytoplasm of a cell that lodges the nucleus, seen in normal promyelocytes.
Hof.
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34True or False: A "hof" is usually seen in the malignant promyelocytes of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
False.
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35What percentage of nucleated bone marrow cells are promyelocytes?
1-5%.
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36Identify the maturation time for a Myelocyte.
4.3 days.
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37Identify the stage that is 15-18 µm and is the last stage capable of mitosis.
Myelocyte.
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38Identify the stage where secondary (specific) granules first appear.
Myelocyte.
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39Identify the term for the grainy pale pink cytoplasm representing secondary granules in the Golgi area of early myelocytes.
Dawn of Neutrophilia.
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40Identify the stage that is 14-16 µm, where nucleoli are absent and the nucleus shows a kidney bean or peanut-shaped indentation.
Metamyelocyte.
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41Identify the synonym for a Metamyelocyte.
Juvenile cell.
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42Synthesis of which granules may begin at the metamyelocyte stage?
Tertiary granules or gelatinase granules.
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43Identify the stage where nuclear indentation is less than 1/2 of the nuclear width.
Metamyelocyte.
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44Identify the stage where nuclear indentation is greater than 1/2 of the nuclear width but filaments are not present.
Band cell.
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45Identify the synonyms for a Band cell.
Stab or Staff cell.
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46Identify the youngest granulocytic precursor to normally appear in the peripheral blood.
Band cell.
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47Identify the size range for a Band cell.
9-15 µm.
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48Which organization recommends including bands within the neutrophil count rather than reporting them separately?
CLSI or Clinical and Laboratory Science Institute.
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49Identify the stage characterized by a mature nucleus with 2-5 lobes connected by thin filaments.
Segmented Neutrophil.
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50Identify the term for an increased level of neutrophils in the blood.
Neutrophilia.
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51Enumerate three conditions associated with neutrophilia.
Bacterial infections, Appendicitis, and Rheumatoid arthritis.
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52Identify the cause of physiologic neutrophilia (pseudoneutrophilia).
Shift of marginated cells to the circulatory pool.
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53Identify the term for a decreased level of neutrophils in the blood.
Neutropenia.
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54Enumerate three conditions associated with neutropenia.
Overwhelming infections, Splenomegaly, and Alcoholism.
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55Define agranulocytosis.
Extreme neutropenia with a neutrophil count <0.5 x 10^9/L.
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56Identify the cell that is 9-15 µm and is associated with asthma, hay fever, and parasitic infections.
Eosinophil.
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57Identify the term for an increased level of eosinophils.
Eosinophilia.
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58What condition is most commonly associated with moderate to severe eosinophilia?
Helminthic infections or parasitic worms.
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59Identify the term for a decreased level of eosinophils.
Eosinopenia.
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60Identify the term for an increased level of basophils.
Basophilia.
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61Identify the term for a decreased level of basophils.
Basopenia.
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62Enumerate conditions associated with basophilia.
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, Hypothyroidism, and Ulcerative colitis.
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63What is the N:C ratio of a Myeloblast?
4:1.
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64What is the nuclear chromatin pattern of a Segmented Neutrophil?
Densely packed.
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65Identify the color of cytoplasm in a Metamyelocyte.
Pink.
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66Enumerate the two precursors in the lymphocytic series.
Lymphoblast and Prolymphocyte.
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67What is the size of a small mature lymphocyte?
6-9 µm.
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68What is the size of a large mature lymphocyte?
17-20 µm.
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69Identify the predominant form of lymphocyte in normal adult blood.
Small lymphocyte.
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70Identify the term for an increased level of lymphocytes.
Lymphocytosis.
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71Enumerate three conditions associated with lymphocytosis.
Infectious mononucleosis, Cytomegalovirus infection, and Acute viral hepatitis.
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72Identify the cell that B cells become which produces immunoglobulins.
Plasma cells.
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73Identify the term for round, discrete globules in plasma cells that contain immunoglobulins.
Russell bodies.
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74Identify the most common malignant disease of plasma cells.
Plasma cell myeloma or Multiple myeloma.
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75Enumerate the two precursors in the monocytic series.
Monoblast and Promonocyte.
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76What is the N:C ratio of a mature monocyte?
2:1 to 1:1.
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77Identify the cell that is considered a slightly immature macrophage passing through the blood.
Monocyte.
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78What is the visual rule for identifying a monocyte compared to a lymphocyte?
A monocyte can fit 3 RBCs inside.
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79Identify the term for an increased level of monocytes.
Monocytosis.
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80Enumerate three conditions associated with monocytosis.
Tuberculosis, Syphilis, and Typhoid.
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81Identify the term for a decreased level of monocytes.
Monocytopenia.
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82Identify the size of a macrophage.
40-50 µm.
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83Identify the name of macrophages found in the liver.
Kupffer cells.
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84Identify the name of macrophages found in the lungs.
Alveolar macrophages or Dust cells.
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85Identify the name of macrophages found in the kidneys.
Renal macrophages or Mesangial cells.
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86Identify the name of macrophages found in the brain.
Microglial cells.
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87Identify the name of macrophages found in the skin.
Langerhans cells.
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88Identify the name of macrophages found in the bone.
Osteoclast.
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89Identify the name of macrophages found in the placenta.
Hoffbauer cells.
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90Identify the name of macrophages found in the lymph nodes.
Dendritic cells.
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91Identify the primary transport factor for vitamin B12 produced by macrophages.
Transcobalamin II.
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92What is the name of the complex formed by Vitamin B12 and Transcobalamin?
Holotranscobalamin or holoTC.
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93Identify the metabolically active form of Vitamin B12.
Holotranscobalamin.