lesson 8

The faculty or act or manner of speaking.

The thing or remark said.

A brief statement on foreign and domestic affairs and on the chief measures prepared by the government and read by a sovereign in person or by commission at the opening of parliament.

The language of a group, region, or nation

Defined as “the communication of ideas and feelings by means of visible and audible symbols originating in the speaker”. Whether private or public, original or interpretative, all speech is oral communication dealing with thoughts and ideas, employing symbols like sounds, words, inflections, and gestures.

Measured by the result of the speech on the listener.

Measured by the truth of the speech

According to Eugene E. White and Clair R. Henderlider, effectiveness in speaking is a climb up a ladder consisting of

audience and speech occasion

The speaker must analyze and understand the audience (age, sex, educational background, occupation, professions, special groups represented, and what they already know about the speaker and the topic).

The speaker should know the nature of the meeting, program number, and time allotment.

speaker and purpose

The potential subject must be within the speaker's range of personality, reputation, and experience.

The speaker must decide their primary purpose: to Persuade, Inform, or Entertain (though blending these is feasible)

Equipped through thinking, observing, communicating with others, and reading.

Jotting down points and creating 2 to 5 main headings/major divisions arranged by patterns such as: Time, Space, Topical, Cause & Effect, Problem-Solution, and Proposition of Fact.

Explaining and clarifying main points using methods like Example, Comparison, Statistics, Testimony, and Visual Aids, while maintaining audience attention through Proximity, Significance, Variety, Vivid Concreteness, and Humor.

Constituting about 10% of the entire speech, it helps secure favorable audience attention and gives an orientation on the subject. Devices include pointing to significance, telling a story, using humor, posing a question, referring to common interests, quoting, stressing occasion importance, giving a pithy statement, or complimenting the audience. Must avoid offending, antagonizing, using irrelevant material, being long-winded, or apologizing.

summarizing and restating main points while avoiding new material. Constituting about 5% of the entire speech, it should not be abrupt or long-winded.

Practicing alone or with others to achieve high-quality performance, paying attention to voice, language, diction, pronunciation, posture, bodily movement, gestures, and facial expression. Memorizing the sequence of points is allowed, but memorizing the whole speech is not advisable.

Keeping ideas in mind, conveying messages with sincerity and naturalness, using notes while maintaining eye contact with listeners most of the time to achieve rapport and communion. _____ should be lively, enthusiastic, sincere, and friendly, with voice volume adjusted to the audience size and room acoustics

"Tell them what you are going to tell them." (Roughly 10% of the speech)

"Tell them."

"Tell them what you have told them." (Roughly 5% of the speech)