1"novo"
messalina, lines 1-8
promoted for emph, implies not her first affair
2"insano amore incensa"
messalina, lines 1-8
assonance of "in", dangerous + passionate nature of feelings
3"pulcherrimum"
messalina, lines 1-8
superlative, emph his power of attraction
4"periculi nescius est"
messalina, lines 1-8
litotes emph Silius's complicity + foreshadows consequences
5"si abnueret", "si consentiret"
messalina, lines 1-8
parallel phrasing emph his scheming + risktaking nature
6"neglegere futura et praesentibus frui"
messalina, lines 1-8
chiasmus emph their risktaking and foolishness
7"non furtim"
messalina, lines 8-17
litotes, emph how careless and open she was
8"servi, liberti, paratus principis"
messalina, lines 8-17
tricolon, highlights number of people + lack of secrecy
9"adulterum"
messalina, lines 8-17
vivid word choice, condemning tone (could have just used 'silius')
10"ignarus"
messalina, lines 8-17"
delayed to emph how clueless [claudius] is
11"remedium imminentium periculorum"
messalina, lines 8-17
alliterative use of m+n emph the dangers hanging over them, particularly Silius
12"non exspectandum"
messalina, lines 8-17
gerundive emphasises that it's silius' will
13"eandem Messalinae potentiam"
messalina, lines 17-26
Enclosing word order, "the same power" around Messalina highlights how power hungry she is
14"qui insidiis incautus, sed iram celer esset"
messalina, lines 17-26
parallel phrases builds tension as readers wonder how angry he will be
15"Silius summa adeptus se sperneret"
messalina, lines 17-26
Sibilance emph how afraid she is
16"concupivit"
messalina, lines 17-26
vivid word choice, 'craved'
17"sacrificii gratia Claudius"
messalina, lines 17-26
contrast between c's virtuous actions and M's scandalous one
18"celebrat"
messalina, lines 17-26
historic present, emph immediacy and their hasty actions
19"inhorruit"
messalina, lines 27-38
vivid word choice (shuddered)
20"Messalinam ... damnatam"
messalina, lines 27-38
emphatic word positions, highlights the possibility of Messalina's being condemned + creates drama
21"occasiones quaerens"
messalina, lines 27-38
vivid, narcissus is immediately shown as ambitious
22"promissis perpulit"
messalina, lines 27-38
plosives emph Narcissus' persuasive+manipulative nature
23"secretum"
messalina, lines 27-38
vivid choice of word, emphasises scheming nature of Narcissus and his concubines
24"provoluta... exclamat"
messalina, lines 27-38
dramatic actions, creates drama etc (proastrates and shouted)
25"nupsisse"
messalina, lines 27-38
sibilance within the word emphasise how shocking it is (M had married S)
26" 'discidiumne tuum' inquit 'novisti?' "
messalina, lines 39-49
(first word) emphasised by position, showing the shocking reveal + vivid use of direct speech
27"populus et senatus et milites"
messalina, lines 39-49
tricolon, emph how EVERYONE knows
28"tenet urbem maritus"
messalina, lines 39-49
'tenet' is promoted to emphasise the control he will have
29"contendunt"
messalina, lines 39-49
vivid word choice, (hastened) emph sense of danger
30"Claudium omnia cognovisse"
messalina, lines 39-49
hyperbole, suggests he will be furious
31"promptum ultioni"
messalina, lines 39-49
vivid word choice, 'eager for revenge'
32"Messalina... in hortos" "Silius ... ad forum"
messalina, lines 39-49
parallel word order, emph their separate reactions and how they aren't united
33"statim constituit"
messalina, lines 39-49
vivid phrase, emphasises the sense of urgency
34"tribus omnino comitantibus"
messalina, lines 49-59
homoioteleuton (words with same ending) - emph how little were with her
35"postquam per urbem pedibus"
messalina, lines 49-59
alliteration - shows Tacitus's disgust at Messalinas behaviour and the situation
36"vehiculo"
messalina, lines 49-59
promoted to create vivid image of her on a lowly cart, emph her downfall
37"civibus commovit quia"
messalina, lines 49-59
harsh c/q sounds emphasise the harshness and disgrace of the situation
38"flagitiorum deformitas"
messalina, lines 49-59
'hideousness of the scandals', vivid word choice
39"Octaviae et Britannici matrem"
messalina, lines 49-59
'matrem' is delayed for emph, showing her trying to gain sympathy
40"sed narcissus amoveri eos iussit"
messalina, lines 49-59
"iussit" emphasises that narcissus contros Claudius
41"mirum inter haec silentium"
messalina, lines 60-69
enclosing word order, emph how surprising it was that Claudius kept quiet
42"omnia liberto oboediebat"
messalina, lines 60-69
Assonance + use of liberto emph Narcisuss' control over Claudius despite being a freedman
43"continuus"
messalina, lines 60-69
promoted for emph, shows the anger of the soldiers and emphasises the attitude that they need to be punished
44"militum nomina reorum et poenas flagitantium"
messalina, lines 60-69
assonance of "um" gives a serious and heavy tone
45"non moras temptavit, sed.."
messalina, lines 60-69
sentence structure emph that this is his final act of desperation
46"precatus est"
messalina, lines 60-69
vivid choice of verb, 'begged' shows how low he has stooped from being noble
47"prolatare... componere"
messalina, lines 60-69
historic infinitives, gives the sense of immediecy and urgency
48"etiam tum"
messalina, lines 60-69
tone of disgust at Messalina's pride
49"narcissus properavisset, vertisset pernicies"
messalina, lines 60-69
chiasmus emph the urgency with which Narcissus needs to act
50"incaluit"
messalina, lines 70-79
Choice of verb (was heated) foreshadows that his anger will subside
51"femina misera"
messalina, lines 70-79
choice of words further emphasis the fact that Claudius' anger will subside
52"languescere iram redire amorem"
messalina, lines 70-79
parallel word order, emphasises Narcissus's worries
53"vidit, timebat"
messalina, lines 70-79
Asyndeton emph his fear and quick thinking
54"prorumpit denuntiatque"
messalina, lines 70-79
historic present make it vivid (he burst forth and ordered)
55"caedem"
messalina, lines 70-79
very vivid verb (slaughter), foreshadows violent end for Messalina
56"ita imperatorem iubere"
messalina, lines 70-79
Very short clause to emphasise the shocking dishonesty
57"fusam"
messalina, lines 70-79
'prostrate', emph by pos, vivid image of her losing hope / begging one final time
58"sed supremis euius necessitatibus"
messalina, lines 79-89
Repeated S sounds build tension and drama, showing she is about to do
59"transiisse vitam"
messalina, lines 79-89
very abrupt phrase to signal her imminent death
60"lacrimae et questus inriti effundebantur"
messalina, lines 79-89
highlights the desperations and dishonour + imperfect gives a sense of continuous and lengthy begging
61"tribunus"
messalina, lines 79-89
delayed for emph, dramatic as it shows the killer has arrived
62"pectori per trepidationem"
messalina, lines 79-89
plosives emphasise her panic
63"corpus matri concessum"
messalina, lines 79-89
"corpus" and the short abrupt clause dehumanises her
64"reliquum"
avunculus meus lines 1-12
(the rest) - choice of adjective to show how extensive his studies are
65"levis et facilis erat"
avunculus meus lines 1-12
use of the adjectives highlight his frugality and focus
66"legebatur, adnotabat excerpebatque"
avunculus meus lines 1-12
cluster of verbs (would be read, notes made and extracts taken) emphasise the intenseness of his studies
67"nihil... non"
avunculus meus lines 1-12
double negative to emphasise how he studied everything he read
68"liber legebatur adnotabatur"
avunculus meus lines 1-12
repetition to show repeated nature of his routines
69"fremitum"
avunculus meus lines 13-23
(the noise) Emph by pos + contrasts the hectic life of city vs disciplined uncle, highlights his studious, organised nature
70"solum"
avunculus meus lines 13-23
choice of adjective shows how dedicated he is
71"destringitur tergiturque"
avunculus meus lines 13-23
passive emphasises that he keeps his brain free to study and not focus on anything else
72"in itinere"
avunculus meus lines 13-23
(on a journey) highlights how he studies in all different scenarios
73"manus hieme manicis muniebantur"
avunculus meus lines 13-23
consonance of 'M' gives humorous image of secretary struggling to keep up with his pace in the cold
74"ne... quidem"
avunculus meus lines 13-23
'not even', emphasises that nothing can take away his time for studies
75"perdere; nam perire"
avunculus meus lines 13-23
'wasted' x2 emphasises how he thinks even walking is a waste of time + 'perire' is promoted to convey this