1Systemic inequalities - inequalities are embedded in what 6 things?
Systems, laws, written / unwritten langauge, policies, established beliefs, and attitudes
2What three things cause inequalities? Define them?
Status: Position in a ranked order
Power: Ability to exert your will over the resistance of another
Legitimacy: Process by which patterns of behavior gain social support
3Society is a series of status structures - what is a status structure, what does it mean for the high status? How are they seen?
Status structure is a rank ordered hierarchy.
high status people are given more, are seen more positively, and participate more
They are seen as more worthy and competent
4Society is a series of status structures -
In homogenous groups ________ ______ developed more quickly and high status folks talked more, and were given more positive feedback
In heterogenous groups the same happened but it tended to mirror ________ _______ _______
status hierarchies
Mirrored larger systemic inequalities
5What is the relationship between group level status structures and system status structures? Status Generalization;
Group members with higher system statuses tend to end up with higher status in group interactions, especially in heterogeneous groups
6What is the mechanism by which systemic inequalities become group inequalities?
Expecation States theory: People with a more highly valued diffuse status set.....
Diffuse status characteristics are what?
Performance expectations in relation to group members is what
Are assumed by themselves and others to be more competent at most things
Diffuse status characteristics: Social characteristics (rage, gender, age, class, etc)
Performance expectations (Rough estimates of how well members think each other will perform on a task relative to themselves
7Expectation state theory continued - Expectation states influence behavior within a group, those with higher ______ _____ ___ ____ will be given more attention, praise, and opportunities
Higher diffuse status sets
8EST Continued - In addition to forming our own expecation states, we also image what other exepectation states are
Second order performance expectations: Group members rough estimates of how others in the group view their standing, like a working consensus of the status hierarchy
9EST and resources - Those that have more resources are presumed to be _____ ______ even if they did not earn their resources and if their resources have nothing to do with the task at hand
more competent
10EST and children
Motherhood penalty: Being a parent lowers performance expecations for women, but enhances them for men
11Whati f you have low diffuse statuses but actually are competent?
Specific status characteristics will be combined with diffuse status characters in the formation of the status hierarchy
Specific is more important than the diffuse
IF two folks have the same specific (Engineer) then emphasis reverts back to diffuse (Choose the male mechanic)
12Status disadvantaged folks have to work harder and perform better to achieve status
Present ideas as coming from group-oriented interest rather than self-interst
Call attention to specific status characteristics
Tentative speech
13Where did the content of the diffuse status characteristics come from?
Status constructionn theory: The process by which _____ _____ is transformed into widely accepted ______ _____ through repeated interactions
Mere difference; status characteristics
14Where did the content of the diffuse status characteristics come from?
CTPP
Cooperative independence between people in two different categories of social difference
There must be an economic or social advantage of one category over the other
Perceived correlation between resources and each category
Population must be divided into categories that are identifiable
15Power Dependence Theory -
Relationships exist because needs are met through ________ ______ ______
People try to behave in ways that ________ _____ _______ that they positively value and minimize the ______ that they negatively value
Both parties must perceive the benefits they get are _____ _____ _____ of the relationship
exchange with others
maximize the benefits; minimize the costs
worth the cost
16Dependence on Actor B also depends on
How much you value the resource
Perception of alternatives
17How do we create a more just world
Distributive Justice
Procedural Justice
Interactional Justice
DJ - Fairness in the distrubtion of positive outcomes
PJ - Fairness in decion-making procedures genreally and specifically to make distributions
IJ - Fairness in treatment of subordinates by authroities or between pairs