1Assumption 1 of natural selection
More offspring produced than can survive
2Assumption 2 of natural selection
Not all born can survive
3Assumption 3 of natural selection
Traits are variable
4Assumption 4 of natural selection
Traits are heritable
5Asssumption 5 of natural selection
Some traits improve likelihood of survival
6How is trait variation inherited?
Cell division
7Where does genetic variation come from?
Recombination, translation, epigenetics, horizontal gene transfer
8Process in meiosis where chromosome pairs exchange genetic info, resulting in a novel combo of DNA from mother and father
Recombination
9Change in base-pair sequence of an organism
Mutation
10What type of mutation occurs when a single base nucleotide is replaced with another?
Point mutation
11What type of mutation occurs when base pairs are added or deleted?
Insertion/deletion
12What type of mutation occurs when sections of the genome are doubled?
Duplication
13What type of mutation occurs when one piece of a chromosome is transferred to another?
Translocation
14What type of mutation occurs when the DNA sequence is reversed?
Inversion
15Changes in gene expression caused by certain base pairs in DNA & RNA being turned off/on
Epigenetics
16Transfer of genes between organism via another method than reproduction (common in bacteria)
Horizontal gene transfer
17Central dogma of biology
DNA Is the molecule of inheritance
18What process converts DNA to RNA?
Transcription
19What process converts RNA to proteins?
Translation
20What is the function of the cell wall?
Structure and support
21What is the function of the cell membrane?
Transports materials in/out of cell
22What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Holds everything together
23What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesizes proteins
24What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesizes lipids
25What is the function of ribosomes?
Synthesizes and translates RNA
26What is the function of the vacuole?
Water storage
27What is the function of the nucleus?
DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing
28What is the function of the mitochondria?
Cellular respiration
29What is the function of the chloroplast?
Photosynthesis
30What is the function of the Golgi body?
Processes and distributes proteins
31What is the tissue responsible for primary growth?
Apical meristem
32What is the tissue responsible for secondary growth?
Lateral meristem
34Vascular cambium
Woody tissue expansion
35Entire segment of primary shoot
Metamer
36What are the three components of the vascular bundle?
Xylem, phloem, cambium
37Which vascular tissue is dead?
Xylem
38Which vascular tissues are alive?
Phloem and cambium
39Meristem tissue that regenerates and produces an identical mother/daughter cell
Initials
40Does xylem or phloem divide more frequently?
Xylem
41Generates axially (transversely) oriented cells in stem
Fusiform initials
42Generates radially oriented cells in the stem
Ray initials
43Which direction is periclinal growth?
Radial
44Which direction is anticlinal growth?
Tangential
45What hormone regulates bud release?
Auxin
46Does strong apical control or apical dominance result in greater lateral growth?
Apical control
47Does strong apical control or apical dominance result in less lateral growth?
Apical dominance
48More efficient light interception and snow shed
Apical dominance
49Optimal light capture
Apical control
50Programmed cell death
Apoptosis