1what type of joint is pubic symphysis
secondary cartilaginous joint
2ligaments of pubic symphysis
superior pubic ligament, inferior pubic ligament
3what passes through the adductor hiatus
femoral artery and vein
4name the bones of the forefoot
metatarsals and phalanges
5name the joints in the forefoot
metatarsophalangeal joint (condyloid synovial joint, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction) and interphalangeal joints (hinge synovial joint, flexion and extension)
6name the bones of the midfoot
navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform
7name the joints of the midfoot
talocalcaneonavicular joint (ball and socket synovial joint, assits with inversion and eversion), calcaneocuboid joint (plane synovial joint, assists with inversion and eversions)
8name the ligament of the talocalcaneonavicular joint
calcaneonavicular ligament
9name the ligaments of the calcaneocuboid joint
plantar calcaneocuboid ligament, long plantar ligament (superficial)
10name the bones of the hindfoot
talus, calcaneus
11name the joints of the hindfoot
talocrural joint (hinge synovial joint, dorsiflexion and plantarflexion) and subtalar joint (plane synovial joint, inversion and eversion)
12name the ligaments of the talocrural joint
anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament
13what is the name of the main artery that travels through the foot
dorsalis pedis artery
14contents of the adductor canal
femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis
15boundaries of the adductor canal
sartorius, vastus medialis, adductor longus and mangus
16proximal attachment of the fibularis brevis
inferior two thirds of the lateral aspect of fibular
17distal attachment of the fibularis brevis
tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
18nerve supply of the fibularis brevis
superficial fibular nerve
19action of the fibularis brevis
everts the subtalar joint. Weakly plantarflexes the whole ankle joint
20proximal attachment of the rectus femoris
anterior inferior iliac spine
21distal attachment of the rectus femoris
Common attachment via quadriceps tendon to the base of the patella. Continues via the patellar tendon from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity
22nerve supply of the rectus femrois
femoral nerve
23action of recuts femoris
extends the knee. Flexes the hip joint
24proximal attachment of the fibularis longus
superior two thirds of lateral aspect of fibula
25distal attachment of the fibularis longus
medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal
26nerve supply of the fibularis longus
superficial fibular nerve
27action of the fibularis longus
everts the subtalar joint. Weakly plantarflexes the ankle joint
28name the proximal attachments for the two heads of the gastrocnemius
lateral head: lateral condylar of femur, medial head: medial condylar of femur
29distal attachment of the gastrocnemius
posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
30nerve supply of the gastrocnemius
tibial nerve
31action of the gastrocnemius
plantarflexes the anke joint. Flexes the knee joint
32proximal attachments of the two heads of the biceps femoris
long head: ischial tuberosity, short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur
33distal attachment of the biceps femoris
head of the fibula
34nerve supply of the biceps femoris
long head: tibial divsion of the sciatic nerve, short head: common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
35proximal attachment of the obturator internus
interal surface of the obturator membrane and surrounding bone
36distal attachment of the obturator internus
greater trochanter of the femur
37nerve supply of the obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
38action of obturator internus
externally rotates an extended hip joint. Abducts a flexed hip joint
39name the borders of the popliteal fossa
superolateral border (biceps femoris), superomedial border (semimembranosus and semitendinosus), inferolateral border (lateral head of gasctronemius), inferomedial border (medial head of gastrocnemius)
40contents of the popliteal fossa
popliteal artery and vein, common fibular nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, popliteal lymph nodes and vessels
41proximal attachment of the gluteus minimus
ilium, between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
42distal attachment of the gluteus minimus
greater trochanter of the femur
43nerve supply of the gluteus minimus
superior gluteal nerve
44action of the gluteus minimus
abducts and interally rotates the hip joint. Keeps pelvis level during single leg stance
45proximal attachment of the gluteus medius
ilium, between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines
46distal attachment of the gluteus medius
greater trochanter of the femur
47nerve supply of the gluteus medius
superior gluteal nerve
48action of the gluteus medius
abducts and internally rotates the hip joint. Keeps pelvis level during single leg stance
49proximal attachment of the psoas major
lateral aspect of vertebra T12-L5 and the intervertebral discs
50distal attachment of the psoas major
lesser trochanter of the femur
51nerve supply of the psoas major
anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-L3
52action of the psoas major
flexes the hip joint. Stabilises the hip joint when standing
53proximal attachment of the popliteus
lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
54distal attachment of the popliteus
posterior surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal line
55nerve supply of the popliteus
tibial nerve
56action of popliteus
weakly flexes the knee joint. Unlocks the knee joint via slight external rotation of the femur, or internal rotation of the tibia
57proximal attachment of the adductor magnus
adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium, hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
58distal attachment of the adductor magnus
adductor part: linea aspera and medial supracondylar line of femur, hamstring part: adductor tubercle of the femur
59nerve supply of adductor magnus
adductor part: obturator nerve, hamstring part: tibial divsion of the sciatic nerve
60action of the adductor magnus
adductor part: extend and adduct hip joint, hamstring part: flexes and adducts hip joint
61proximal attachment of adductor longus
body of pubis
62distal attachment of adductor longus
middle third of the linea aspera of the femur
63nerve supply of the adductor longus
obturator nerve
64action of the adductor longus
adducts hip joint
65proximal attachment of the semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity
66distal attachment of the semitendinosus
superior part of the medial surface of the tibia (as part of pes anserine)
67nerve supply of the semitendinosus
tibial division of the sciatic nerve
68action of the semitendinosus
extends the hip joint. Flexes and internally rotates the knee joint
69proximal attachment of the semimembranosus
ischial tuberosity
70distal attachment of the semimembranosus
posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia
71nerve supply of the semimembranosus
tibial division of the sciatic nerve
72action of the semimembanosus
extends the hip joint. Flexes and internally rotates the knee joint
73proximal attachment of the gracilis
body of the pubis
74distal attachment of the gracilis
superior part of the medial surface of the tibia (as part of pes anserine)
75nerve supply of gracilis
obturator nerve
76action of gracilis
adducts the hip joint. Flexxes and internally rotates the knee joint
77proximal attachment of the piriformis
anterior surface of the sacrum
78distal attachment of the piriformis
greater trochanter of the femur
79nerve supply of piriformis
nerve to piriformis
80proximal attachment of the obturator externus
external surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
81distal attchment of the obturator externus
greater trochanter of the femur
82nerve suppply of the obturator externus
obturator nerve
83action of the obturator externus
externally rotates the hip joint. Stabilises the hip joint
84proximal attachment of the quadratus femoris
ischial tuberosity
85distal attachment of the quadratus femoris
quadrate tubercle of the femur
86nerve supply of the quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
87action of quadratus femoris
externally rotates the hip joint. Stabilises the hip joint
88what happens during nutation
sacral base tilts anteriorly, apex of sacrum tilts posteriorly
89what happens during counternutation
sacral base tilts posteriorly, apex of sacrum tilts anteriorly
90proximal attachment of the superior gemellus
ischial spine
91distal attachment of the superior gemellus
greater trochanter of the femur
92nerve supply of the superior gemellus
nerve to obturator internus
93action of superior gemellus
externally rotates an extended hip joint. Abducts a flexed hip joint. Stabilises hip joint
94proximal attachment of the sartorius
anterior superior iliac spine
95distal attachment of the sartorius
superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
96nerve supply of the satorius
femoral nerve
97action of the sartorius
flexes, abducts, and externally rotates the hip joint. Flexes and internally rotates the knee joint
98proximal attachment of the gluteus maximus
ilium, posterior to the posterior gluteal lines, posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx
99distal attachment of the gluteus maximus
most muscle fibres attach to the iliotibial tract (which attaches to the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia), others fibres insert onto the gluteal tuberosity of the femur
100nerve supply of the gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
101action of the gluteus maximus
extend and externally rotates hip joint
102proximal attachment of tensor fascia lata
anterior superior iliac spine
103distal attachment of tensor fascia lata
iliotibial tract (which attaches to the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia)
104nerve supply of the tensor fascia lata
superior gluteal nerve
105action of the tensor fascia lata
abducts and internally rotates the hip joint. Keeps pelvis level during single leg stance
106proximal attachment of the tibialis anterior
lateral surface of the tibia
107distal attachment of the tibialis anterior
medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal
108nerve supply of the tibialis anterior
deep fibular nerve
109action of the tibialis anterior
dorsiflexes the ankle joint and inverts the subtalar joint
110proximal attachment of the iliacus
iliac fossa
111distal attachment of the iliacus
lesser trochanter of the femur
112nerve supply of the iliacus
femoral nerve
113action of the iliacus
flexes the hip joint. Stabilises hip joint when standing
114what is the proximal attachment of the pectineus
superior ramus of pubis
115distal attachment of pectineus
pectinelus line of femur
116nerve supply of the pectineus
femoral nerve
117action of pectineus
adducts and flexes hip joint
118shape of the knee joint
modified hinge synovial joint
119movements of the knee joint
flexion, extension, medial and lateral rotation when flexed
120main ligaments of the knee joint
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), patellar ligament
121what movment is tested at L2
hip flexion
122what movment is tested at L3
knee extension
123what movment is tested at L4
knee extension or ankle dosiflexion
124what movement is tested at L5
1st toe (hallux) extension
125what movment is tested at S1
ankle plantarflexion