ITEC 116

process of combining different subsystems or components of a larger system into a unified whole

specific kind of enterprise systems to integrate data across and be comprehensive in supporting all the major functions of the organization

Integration is a cornerstone of today's enterprise environments

a standard messaging protocol that operating systems use to communicate via HTTP and XML

conforms to the constraints of REST architectural style and allows for interaction with RESTful web services

leverage the principles of REST for creating scalable, simple, and interoperable web services

-most organizations designed silo systems for their departments.
-to automate their inventory management and production schedules
-year 1960s-1970s

-which mainly involved planning the product or parts requirements according to the master production schedule
- mid 1970s

-an emphasis on optimizing manufacturing processes by
synchronizing the materials with production requirements
-year 1980s

-provide an integrated solution to the increased complexity of businesses and support
-year 1990s

expanded to integration of interorganizational systems providing back-end support (for B2B and EDI)

an atomic unit of work

allows organizations to share data with all of their stakeholders

provides seamless connectivity between heterogeneous systems

software that provides the appearance of seamless data presentation to the end user

the inability to meet the market demand effectively can have unfortunate consequences

an inventory of the various hardware and software resources focusing on vendors, operating systems platform

Check whether the database supporting standards

Develop a policy in support of older legacy applications.

most orgs will not dispose old system.. these are essential for integration in the short term

Develop a single sign-on policy for application

to avoid support and maintenance problems with the integrated system

Planning data and disaster recovery for organization’s data

Develop organization standards and policy on acquisition of new hardware and software

responsible for ensuring that project teams are working well together

It works through the business processes that will be involved in the execution based on the project’s goals

well-defined decision-making process will minimize a number of issues

-The project manager has many responsibilities
- Scope defines what needs to be delivered by the project,

Each team will have its own set of forces at work based on the knowledge

Communication and training are the keys to a successful change management effort.

-program manager and the project manager are critical to a successful ERP implementation
-IT personnel who are up to speed on all the intricacies of the ERP, so relying solely on internal IT personnel will slow down the implementation process

A well-thought-out process to manage changes to scope is critical to a project’s success

managing these changes through a change process and governance

consists of a description of the issue or new functionality

-The success or failure of a project often rests with the skills and abilities of the PMO
-many projects fail due to a lack of open and honest communications

It is the process of developing new information that basically includes a systematic process of planning, designing, and creating an information system for organizations.

It provides a structured top-down problem identification and bottom-up solution process for managing complex problems.

consists of system investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and operations maintenance

consists of system design and system implementation only

-Determine whether a business problem or opportunity exists
-Conduct a feasibility study

Analyze in detail the information needs of end users

-Develop logical input, processing, output, storage, and control.
-Develop specifications for the hardware and software

o Acquire (or develop) and install hardware and software.
o Test and document the system.
o Train people to operate and use the system.
o Convert to the new system

Use a post-implementation review process to monitor, evaluate, and modify the system as needed.

It involves implementation of the full functionality of the ERP software

It involves some changes in the core ERP modules and a significant amount of BPR.

It utilizes core ERP functionality and exploits the best practice business processes built into the software.

Stage ?

A number of task parameters or characteristics of the ERP
implementation need to be defined at the planning stage

Stage?

-the team must develop a detailed change management strategy and plan for the release of the new system
-the team usually has a sandbox or prototype of the ERP

Stage?

The organization has to purchase the license for the production version

Stage?

The focus for this stage is on installing and releasing the system(Go live)

Approach?

gradual movement of the company from the existing legacy system(s) to the ERP

Approach?

implements a small version of the final system

Approach?

-most up-front cost
-conjunction with the legacy system

Approach?

highest-risk approach but the most straightforward and clean

Stage?

This is often managed by the operation team with assistance from the implementation team

the major activity as support for the new system is migrated to the help desk and support staff

-Requirements are attributes for things
-will flow into system

? -> cross-function, co-product
? -> co-function, cross-product integration

ability to track/formally identify the provenance

distinctive appearance

Unity of direction / one plan

-process of estimating quantities and costs
-act of giving a numerical value to a measurement

process of constraining an input from a continuous to a discrete set

marks of generality (all, each, some)

information is reproducible given the same data and assumptions

something that does not have a single clear

sound judgment or instinctive or unlearned

complete process of delivering a new product or improving an existing one for customers

-also called requirements engineering
-the process of determining user expectations for a new or modified product

-about getting people from different fields to work with a product altogether
-are an essential component of agile development
-Development Teams are considered as this..

It is produced along with with the main product and carries equal
importance as the main product

it is not a planned product and is produced after carrying out the process

-the development of websites, web applications, mobile applications and software development.
-goal is to make the user's interaction as simple and efficient as possible, in terms of accomplishing user goals

-a core system engineering activity
-encourages to use N-Square Diagramming techniques

a broad concept that applies to all aspects of a person’s interaction with the system

set of inputs and outputs that the user sees and interacts with

must consider all aspects of the user characteristics as well as the myriad devices that the user will interact with

User-centered design has 3 principles:

1. Focus early on users and their work. ← user-oriented analysis and design
2. Evaluate designs to ensure usability.← goal is “user-centered design is usability”
3. Use iterative development.← repeating the processes

- also referred to as N-square diagram
- a diagram in the shape of a matrix, representing functional
- It is used to systematically identify
- has been used extensively to develop data interfaces/ hardware interfaces

- methods used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of concentration
- a procedure or a method for the analysis of some problem, status or a fact
- are usually time-limited and task-limited

-a category of electronic systems and equipment specifically designed for use in aviation
-refers to the electrical equipment used in missiles, aircraft, and spacecraft

-the branch of applied science that is concerned with the movement of liquids and gases
-provides methods for studying the evolution of stars, ocean currents, weather patterns, plate tectonics

an interface between two abiotic or biotic environments that may be in relative motion and exchange energy

- also known as industrial design
- deals with defining product functionality, usability, ergonomics, and aesthetics or external appearances
- it is important to an organization or a brand as it differentiates the brands from others

- a framework to help management and active project teams reach innovation goals
- a management theory that promotes simultaneous integration of multi-disciplinary teams and concurrent engineering

Key factor for Product Design ?

Every product is designed for a unique purpose

Key factor for Product Design ?

the designer must decide the material to be used

Key factor for Product Design ?

Proper maintenance can prolong the longevity of the product

Key factor for Product Design ?

depends directly on the quality of the product

Key factor for Product Design ?

design their products according to the ever-changing trending styles around them

Key factor for Product Design ?

The designer must ensure that the products they design are safe to use

Key factor for Product Design ?

the final and most crucial factor that needs to be considered in product design.

Four(4) ? Prevalent Types of User Interface:

1. Command Line Interface( CLI)
2. Menu-driven Interface
3. Graphical User Interface (GUI)

- These are designed to enable the programmer to write code in a shorter amount of time
- more on user-friendly, generic, simpler

- allowing the programmer to manipulate functions within a software module
- more on API, detailed , can control/manipulate

collaboration is when two organizations come together to work on a project or business activity.

3 cores types of design in Product Design:

1. System Design
2. Process Design
3. Interface Design