Final

a centralized, hierarchical information repository about projects in an IT system

protocols, functions, and APIs that allow access to directory information

Moving objects to new locations in the directory, can move anything except the root

Variables with values that are relevant to items in that part of the directory, attributes can be inherited

Defines the attribute types a directory can contain, defines the structure, holds the classes for the object that are created

An object that cannot contain other objects ( Person, computer, printer)

descirbe a leaf object and are defined in the directory schema

Core applications that rely on the directory for information (User logon, VPN authentication, Digital signature, SSO verification)

Organizational containers, used to organize objects in AD

refer to individual entries

4 layers - c = Country, o = Organization, ou = Organization unit, cn = common name

Father of all directories, introduced concept of tree, leaf attributes, DN, and RDN

standardized by the OSI and IETF, used for querying and modifying information in a directory

Windows directory service, uses LDAP, X.500 based, replaced NTDS, contains the objects tracked and managed by the network, central repository of networked device information

Previously NDS, available in Navell Netware 4.0 and later, loosely based on X.500

Used by apple, uses LDAP and Kerberos, can intergrate with AD

no centralized mangement or control

Collection of objects that share the same databse

Role to install AD, AD database

the physical structure or topology of the network, a collection of well-connected subnets

a change being made on one computer replicated across the directory

An instance of a class

configured settings that are applyed to one or more objects by lnking to an organizational unit

A singles instance of active directory, can have one or more domains that share the same schema

The DC that is allowed to make changes to the schema, one in entire forest

The DC responsible for the forest-wide namesspace must be on the DC that is alos a global catalog server

used for backward compatibility with windows NT DCs and for propogating password changes quickly across all DCs in the domain

Security ID, same up to the alst 32 bits

Responsible for making sure that SIDs are unique within the domain, make sure last 32 bits are different

maintains references to objects located in another domain

created within a specific domain and can authenticate against any DC within that domain

intended to be used only in within the domain it was created in, can contain universal groups from any domain and domain local groups from the same location

Default scope, can only be sued by computers within the domain and by members of other domains in the forest

Stored on DCs that are configued as global catalogs, replicated across the entire forest, can be used by any domains in the forest, and can contain members from any domain in the forest

an envirometn created specifically for a user, created for all new users by copying and modifying a default profile

basic type, accts on a stand laone computer have a local proflie, user can modify any data in the profile

A read only profile assigned to an account, ensures user profile is always the same, used for accoutns associated with specific tasks

The users profiles is stored on a network share, allows for the user to always have a consistent enviroment as changes are always available

seperate uer data from profile data

Converts between human names and network addresses

goes from names to addresses

goes from addresses to names

used in Microsoft file and print sharing

used for internet protocols and hosts, also used in AD

name of a computer in human readable characters

name of adomain, not specifcally an AD domain, logical set of hosts signified by a name controlled by a set of name servers

hostname + namespace

text file that helps a computer know static maps of hostnames to IP addresses

DNS server that resolves FQDNs to IP addresses

hostname.subdomain.top_level_domain, authority hneded down from top level to lower levels

Legacy - still part of newer windows OS, used in the SMB server protocol

defines a hierarchical naming structure, supports IP and IPX addresses

DNS server saves the result of each DNS query

Allows DNS to register their hostnames in an assigned namespace

Key to workstations and servers finding domain controllers, Service name, server FQDN, port, prioriry, weight

standard value typically preceded by an uderscore, equivalent to the hostname

server that provides ther service

the TCP or UDP port on which the service is available

number one priority

tie breaker for priority

The LDAP service to look up data within the global catalog

THe authentication process

Another part of the authentication process

the LDAP service to look up data within the domain

the process of emulating hardware so it can be made availabel to multiple logical systems

virtualization layer installed on top of an existing OS as an aplication

Virtualization layer isntalled directly on the hardware

Each enviroment available for OS isntallation

The OS installed on the VM

In a hosted architecture, the OS in which the virtualization software runs

THe software that provides the virtualization layer in a bare-metal architecture

uses binary translation to execute instructions, offers the est isolation and most security between VMs but is very complex

uses a modified guest OS to remove non-virtualizable instruction

Hypervisor traps non-virtualizable isntructions and re-issues them to hardware in root mode, whish is a function of CPU enhancements

uses virtual to physical mappings maintained by the hypervisor

involves managing the routing of I/O requests between virtual devices and the shared physical hardware

extensions to the linux kernal that include functionality of script execution, 3rd party hardware monitoring and low level backup

same functionallity as ESX server, uses special vm for console functionality, can be embedded or installable

in a virtualized enviroment, network access is virtualized as well

segregated into port groups, each has a seperate 802.1Q VLAN

used by the hypervisor needed for management, vmotion, san storage

Used by VMs for connectivity

a repository for users and groups that vcenter sso can use for authentication

used by vcenter sso to authenitcate users when the user logs on without a domain name

allows concurrent access to shared storage, can be dynamically expanded, uses a 1MB block size, uses subblock addressing, provides on-disk block-level blocking

moving a VM from one host or datastore to another host or datastore

migrate a powered off VM

migrate a VM that is suspended

migrate a Vm that is powered on

Migrate a VMs files while the VM is powered on to another datastore

a systm this continuosly opertion for an optimal length of time

part of HA, designed so that a backup VM can immediately take over with no loss of service when an outage occurs

physical device (hard drive)

Logical device (formatted partition)

smallest unit of data that the file system will read or write

a hierarchy of files and their respective directories

Each disk is brok into one or more partitions, each holds one file system, no dynamic way to combine or resize file systems on physical partitions

block device are divided or aggregated into volumes or slices, can be resized as required

a collection of consecutive sectors in a volume, also a volume

logs intended changes to a journal before they are made, used to replay changes if a crash occurs

contain basic volumes

primary partitions, extended partitions, and logical drives

Contain dynaic volumes

5 types, simple, spanned, striped, mirrored, RAID-5

uses free space from a single disk

Uses free space sequentially across multiple disks

Uses free space hat is interleaved through multiple disks

Uses free space on disk that is duplicated on a second disk (RAID 1)

Uses free space across three or more disks and uses one for parity or fault tolerance

Where the system boots from in Intel x86 systems, stored in the boot sector, tells the system where to find the active bootable partition

uses 40-pin ribbon cable to connect hard drives

provides more bandwidth, higher speed and smaller footprint than ATA

used in high performacne systems and RAID arrays

Physical torage mechanism

controls read/write from/to drives, all transactions are originated by the controller

Can be used to aggregate multiple devices into a single, fault tolerant, higher perfoming storage device

redundant array of inexpensive disks, used to create a single logical disk from multiple physical disks

RAID operations are manged by the attachment controller, looks like a single large drive to a the computer

operations are manged by the OS, can limit RAID types

Data is distributed across multiple disks, increased performance, no redundancy

Data is duplicated acorss multiple disks, no increased perfomrance

Dat ais striped across multiple disks, parity is kept for each set of stripes, increased performance, provides some redundancy

Stripes data across multiple disks wich are then mirrored, increased performance, fault tolerant

File level storage that is avaialable over the network, already partioned and formatted

Block level storage accessible over a networkm, uses dedicated hardware to interconnect the storage arrays (iSCSI)

Internet Small Computer Systems Interface, SCSI command protocol over TCP/IP

Device that originates a session to a storage device

The storage device to which an initiator connects

A logical device/partition presented over the network

the interconnection between nodes

iSCSI Qualified name, iqn.yyyy.mm

extended Unique Identifier, eui.{EUI-64 bit address}

Making copies of data that can be used to restore in the event of a data loss event

Back up all files every time, disregards the archive bit setting

Back up files that have been changed or added since the last Full backup, Level 1 backup

BAck up files that have changed or been added since last backup of any kind

Enables you to configure backups differently for each

used to determine relative location of an item in the directory

Reflects one or more interconnected subnets

A central network file sharing hierarchy

Server that contains the namespace root

A network share located on a server that is part of the namespace

The process of pointing a client to a target

A folder within the namespace, virtual or a referral to an actual target

Sequence of instructions telling a program to do something

Programming languages wuth limit functionality

Standardized client software installations

Microsoft powered tool to automate windows updates

can assist in buidling and maintaining a hardware database

A license is granted for use of a copy of software but ownership of the copy remains with the publisher

software rental, perpetual or annual

licensing based on how software is deployed

Software that runs on an individual machine rather than in a clinet/server enviroment

Enforced on the server and governs the number of concurrent connetions to that particular server

Enforced on the client and governs how a client can access a server based resource

Alows a single license key to validate multiple software copies

License granted for use of a copy of software and ownership of the copy transfers to the end user

application printed directly to the printer

uses a print server to manage communications between clients and printers

traditional printer protocol for a delivery access network

default networking printing protocol in modern windows systems

de facto printing protcol in UNIX systems to enable print server functionality

A programming language used to describe the print job to the printer

Printer command language, simple efficient lightweight, de facto standard for inkjet printing

developed for laser printer and licensed to adobe

System Center Configuration Manager

Background Intelligent Service, transfers files between a client and a server and provides progress infprmation related to the transfers

WAN bandwidth optimization technology

Allows apps to be encapsulated from the underlying OS

Software hosted by a provider designed to run in a web browser

Delivers a development enviroment to app developers as a service over the cloud

Allows the custoemr to provision resources on an as needed basis

Clients and service providers are seperate entities

Infrastructure is owned and operated solely for a single organization

Shared by multiple organizations all supporting a single commnity with shared concerns

Any combination of clouds that remain unique entities but are bound together through the sue of technology that enables data and applicaiton portability