Linux, Module 2

See Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment.

The text that appears after a command name, does not start with a dash (−), and specifies information that the command requires to work properly.

A filesystem that can be used to create fault tolerant volumes much like ZFS. It is currently still in development, but designed as a replacement for ext4.

Also known as the Bourne Again Shell, this is the default command-line interface in Linux.

The part of a computer system that contains the programs used to initialize hardware components at boot time.

A small partition that is created by the Linux installation program to store information needed to boot the Linux operating system from a GPT hard disk on a computer that does not have a UEFI BIOS.

A program that exists on the filesystem and is executed when typed on the command line.

A nonjournaling Linux filesystem.

A journaling Linux filesystem.

An improved version of the ext3 filesystem, with an extended feature set and better performance.

A partition on an MBR-based hard disk or SSD that can be further subdivided into components called logical drives.

The way in which a hard disk drive or SSD partition is formatted to allow data to reside on the physical media; common Linux filesystems include ext2, ext3, ext4, XFS, and VFAT.

The area of a large hard disk (> 2TB) outside a partition that stores partition information. GPTs are used on most modern hard disks and SSDs.

A list of hardware components that have been tested and deemed compatible with a given operating system.

A set of local, easy-to-read command syntax documentation available by typing the info command-line utility.

See Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment.

A file that contains the content of a DVD. ISO images of Linux installation media can be downloaded from the Internet.

A filesystem function that keeps track of the information that needs to be written to the hard disk or SSD in a journal; common Linux journaling filesystems include ext3, ext4, and XFS.

Linux installation media that provides a fully functional Linux operating system in RAM prior to installation on permanent storage.

The smaller partitions contained within an extended partition on an MBR-based hard disk or SSD.

A set of software components within Linux that can be used to manage the storage of information across several hard disks on a Linux system.

See manual pages.

The most common set of local command syntax documentation, available by typing the man command-line utility. Also known as man pages.

The area of a typical hard disk (< 2TB) outside a partition that stores partition information.

A common RAM-checking utility.

The key combinations that have special meaning in the Linux operating system.

A major section of an NVMe SSD that can be partitioned.

A modern SSDs technology that allows for very fast data transfer directly to the PCIe bus on the computer.

The specific letters that start with a dash (-) or two and appear after the command name to alter the way the command works.

A legacy hard disk technology that uses ribbon cables to typically attach up to four hard disk devices to a single computer.

A physical division of a hard disk or SSD.

The separate divisions into which an MBR-based hard disk or SSD can be divided (up to four are allowed per hard disk).

A type of storage that can be used to combine hard disks together for performance and/or fault tolerance.

A technology that allows for fast data transfer along a serial cable for hard disks and SSDs. It is commonly used in newer workstation and server-class computers.

A high-performance SCSI technology that is commonly used for hard disks and SSDs in modern server-class computers.

A user interface that accepts input from the user and passes the input to the kernel for processing.

A high-performance hard disk technology that is commonly used in legacy server-class computers.

A type of disk drive that functions within a computer like a hard disk drive but instead uses fast flash memory chips to store data.

See virtual memory.

The channel that allows a certain user to log in and communicate with the kernel via a user interface. It is also the name of the graphical application that is used to obtain a BASH shell within the macOS desktop.

A small partition that is created by an operating system installation program to store boot-related files on a computer that has a UEFI BIOS.

A feature-rich BIOS replacement used in modern computers.

A non journaling filesystem that might be used in Linux.

See guest operating system.

An operating system that runs virtualization software.

An area on a hard disk or SSD (swap partition) that can be used to store information that normally resides in physical memory (RAM), if the physical memory is being used excessively.

A set of programs that can be used to concurrently run an operating system within another operating system.

A high-performance journaling filesystem used in Linux.