HGAP UNIT 3

An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs.

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.

States with very small land areas; example= San Marino

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

an independent state consisting of a city and its territory; example= Vatican City

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality; examples= Albania, Japan

Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities; examples= Russia, Nigeria, US, Belgium

straddles with Caucasus mountains, which stretch between Black and Caspian Seas, north of mountains lie part of republics of Russia. Area includes different languages, 50 ethnic groups, which fought to be independent in 1980s.

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory

A state that is surrounded entirely by foreign landmass, no access to the sea.

A country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office

A country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people

An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials

An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government.

Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.

Type of gerrymandering in which a group is broken up so it is a minority in many districts

Type of gerrymandering that concentrates opposition supporters into a few districts

Type of gerrymandering in which pockets of a particular group are linked together

Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries.

An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.

(Organization of American States) All 35 states in the Western Hemisphere are members and promotes social, political, cultural, and economic links among the member states

(African Union) Includes 53 countries in Africa that emphasizes economic integration

An international association consisting of the UK together with states that were previously part of the British Empire, and dependencies such as Australia, Pakistan, and Nigeria

(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Military alliance among democratic states and European states originally created to stop the spread of communism and now includes former Warsaw Pact countries

Military agreement among Communist Eastern European countries to defend each other in case of attack created in response to NATO in an act of balance of power

The systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or coerce a government into granting its demands.

A network of Islamic terrorist organizations, led by Osama bin Laden, that carried out the attacks on the US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya in 1998, the USS Cole in Yemen in 2000, and the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001

the group of European Union nations whose national currency is the euro.

a defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state

a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity; examples= Kurds, Catalans, Japan

A nationality that is not represented by a state; cultural group with no idependent political entity (ex: Kurds, Palistinians, & Basque)

nation that stretches across borders and across states (ex: Korean nation divided between two states)

A nation's desire to create and maintain a state of its own (example of centripetal force)

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state (ex: shared religion, common language, external threats)

forces that tend to break apart states or keep one from forming

Variety of ways of influencing another country or group of people by direct conquest, economic control, and/or cultural dominance

A particular type of imperialism in which people move into and settle on the land of another country

When colonies gain independence politically

Control of a LDC by a MDC through indirect means exerted economically, politically, or culturally

The willingness by one person or group to defend the space they claim

one established by a legal
document, such as a treaty.

Line drawn on a map to show the limits of space

A boundary demarcated (marked) by some visible means on the ground. Ex. wall posts, fences, etc.

based on physical features to separate entitites (ex: Himalayan Mountains separate India & China)

A straight line drawn by people that does not follow any physical feature closely

based on human traits or behavior, so it often exists in the midst of a gradual change over space.

Occur when two or more parties disagree over how to interpret the legal documents or maps that identify the boundary

Disputes that center on where a boundary should be

Type of expansions when one country seeks to annex territory in another because it has ties to part of the population that lives there

Conflict over the way a boundary should operate or function, such as the conflict over allowing migration across the border

A boundary dispute that involves conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region.

a boundary line established before the area in question is well populated

a boundary line that is established after the area in question has been settled and that considers the cultural characteristics of the bounded area

a former boundary line that is still discernible and marked by some cultural landscape features

a political boundary placed by powerful outsiders on a developed human landscape

A boundary that is heavily guarded and discourages crossing and movement.

a boundary where crossing is unimpeded

the international agreement that set ocean boundaries by defining four zones

a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles from the baseline of a coastal state; commercial vessels may pass

Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles, where they can enforce laws on customs, immigration, and sanitation

the seazone extending 200 nautical miles from the coast over which a state has special rights as to the exploration and use of marine resources

Areas of seas considered beyond the EEZ open to all states

a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals (Eastern Europe during the Cold War)

term applied to associations created by three or more states for their mutual benefit and achievement of shared objectives

the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the central government to subnational levels of government