Unit 2

Ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Hypothetical factor that accounts for overall diffs in intellect among ppl

Stat procedure that identifies clusters of related items (factors) on test

Used to identify diff dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score

Ability to reason speedily and abstractly, decreases in age

Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, increases with age

Theory that intelligence is based on g as well as special abilities

Condition where a person limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill

Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores

A test designed to assess what a person has learned

Test designed to predict a person's future performance

Capcaity to learn

Level of performance typically associated of a child of a certain chronological age

Widely used og IQ test

Og: (Mental age/Chron age) x 100; avg performance for a given age is 100

Most widely used intelligence tests containing verbal and performance subjects

Scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with performance of a pretested group

Rise in intelligence test performances over time and cultures

Extent to which a test yields consistent results

Extent to which a test measures of predicts what it is supposed to

Extent to which a test samples the behaviour that is of interest

How much a test measures a concept or trait

Sucess with which a test predicts the behaviour it is designed to predict; assessed by correlation between test scores and criterion behaviour

Research comparing ppl of diff ages at same point of time

Research that follows same group of ppl over time

Group of ppl sharing common characteristic

Focus on learning and growing

View that abilities are fixed, even with effort

Self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotype

When ppl of a stereotypically advantageous groups perform better

Conscious effort to memorize

Unconscious process when memorizing something

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Factual information handled by hippocampus and areas of the cortex

General, factual knowledge

Personal life history

Remembering a specific event, shaping our sense of self, and may be unique to humans

Inability of adults to retrieve episodic memories prior to age 2-4

Actions and Skills (Muscle memory)

Remembering events from the past or previously learned info

Remembering to perform actions in the future

Encoding -> Storage -> Retrieval

Forming a memory code

Maintaining encoded information over time

Recovering information from memory stores

Structural (memorizing structure of something)
Phonemic
Semantic (visual recognition)

Linking new concepts to previous learned information

Deciding if info is personally relevant

Incoming information passes through 2 temporary areas of storage (sensory and short term), transferred to long-term storage

A momentary sensory memory of a visual stimuli, lasts for no more than a few tenths of a second

A momentary sensory memory of an auditory stimuli, can be recalled within 3-4 seconds

Organizing items into familiar, managable units; often occurs automatically

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information

Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words

Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; yields best retention

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Coordinates memory activities of phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad

A memory component that briefly holds auditory information (sounds/language)

Memory component that briefly holds information about object's appearance and location and space

Mental categories about a particular object based on a particular experience

Mentally sorting objects, ideas, people into boxes of shared characteristics

Organizing info into levels (starts with broad categories, becomes more specific)

Tendency to remember the first (primary effect) and last thing (recency effect) of a list

Enhancement of synaptic connections, can last for weeks

Short Term Memory

Consolidation of declarative STM -> LTM

Formation of new emotional memories

Procedural memoris

Curve of retention after just learning something (we forget the majority of it quickly)

Not encoded properly so therefore never stored

Difficulty with retrieval but it is stored

Forgetting the origin of the memory

More likely to recall info if in the same place/environment where you encoded it

More likely to recall info if in the same physical/mental state when you encoded it

More likely to recall memories that match current mood

Old info blocks new info from being stored

New info blocks old info from being stored

Unable to recall info prior to brain damage

Unable to make new memories due to hippocampus damage

Banishes uncomfortable/anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories into unconscious

Occurs when a memory has been corrupted by misleading information

- Four short narratives describing childhood memories, one (being lost in the mall at 6 y.o) was false
- 25% reported remembering the event and embellished it