Psychology Test 4

When people act in a way that is not in keeping with their attitudes, and then change their attitudes to match those actions, ___________ _______________ theory attempts to explain why.

Which of the following strengthens conformity to a group?

Despite her mother’s pleas to use a more comfortable backpack, Antonia insists on trying to carry all of her books to school in an oversized purse the way her fashionable friends all seem to do. Antonia is affected by what type of social influence?

Psychology’s most famous obedience experiments, in which most participants obeyed an authority figure’s demands to inflict presumed painful, dangerous shocks on an innocent participant, were conducted by social psychologist ______________ _______________.

People tend to exert less effort when working with a group than they would alone, which is called ________ _______.

When like-minded groups discuss a topic, and the result is the strengthening of the preexisting opinion, this is called ______ _________.

When a group's desire for harmony overrides its realistic analysis of other options, _______ has occurred

When prejudice causes us to blame an innocent person for a problem, we are using that person as a ___________.

People tend to marry someone who lives or works nearby. This is an example of proximity and the ___________ __________ _________ in action.

Two vital components for maintaining companionate love are ___________ and _________-________.

A study indicated that most teen boys and girls believe the women they see in online porn are experiencing real sexual pleasure (Jones, 2018). But the situation — being in front of the camera — suggests the women are acting their role. Social psychologists might explain the teens’ misperception as the ___________ _________ error.

We tend to agree to a larger request more readily if we have already agreed to a small request. This tendency is called the ___________-___________-__________-_______ phenomenon.

Celebrity endorsements in advertising often lead consumers to purchase products through ____________ (central/peripheral) route persuasion

Researchers have found that a person is most likely to conform to a group if

In Milgram's experiments, the rate of obedience was highest when

In a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity, a person sometimes loses self-consciousness and self-control. This phenomenon is called ____________.

Sharing our opinions with like-minded others tends to strengthen our views, a phenomenon referred to as ___________ __________.

Prejudice toward a group involves negative feelings, a tendency to discriminate, and overly generalized beliefs referred to as __________.

If several well-publicized murders are committed by members of a particular group, we may tend to react with fear and suspicion toward all members of that group. In other words, we

Evidence of a biochemical influence on aggression is the finding that

When those who feel frustrated become angry and aggressive, this is referred to as the _________-_________ _________.

Studies show that delinquent young people tend to have parents who used physical force to enforce discipline. This suggests that aggression can be

Social scientists studying the effects of pornography unanimously agree that violent pornography

The aspect of heterosexual pornography that most directly influences men’s aggression toward women seems to be

The more familiar a stimulus becomes, the more we tend to like it. This exemplifies the ___________ _________ effect.

A happy couple celebrating their fiftieth wedding anniversary is likely to experience deep ____________ love, even though their ________ love has probably decreased over the years.

after vigorous exercise you meet an attractive person, and you are suddenly seized by romantic feelings for that person. This response supports the two-factor theory of emotion, which assumes that emotions, such as passionate love, consist of physical arousal plus

Due to the bystander effect, a particular bystander is less likely to give aid if

Our enemies often have many of the same negative impressions of us as we have of them. This exemplifies the concept of _________-____________ perceptions

One way of resolving conflicts and fostering cooperation is by giving rival groups shared goals that help them override their differences. These are called ___________ goals.

The three major categories of psychoactive drugs

Barbiturate

Three personality disorder clusters characterization

Three steps if someone talks about suicide

Anika, a lawyer, is distressed by feeling the need to wash her hands 100 times a day. She has little time left to meet with clients, and her colleagues are wondering about her competence. Her behavior would probably be labeled disordered, because it is __________— that is, it interferes with her day-to-day life.

Unfocused, tension, apprehension, and arousal are symptoms of __________ _________ disorder.

Those who experience unpredictable periods of terror and intense dread , accompanies by frightening physical sensations, may be diagnosed with ______ disorder.

If a person is focusing anxiety on a specific feared objects, activities, or situations, that person may have a ______ _______.

Those who experience unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions may have _____ _________ disorder.

What does somatic mean, and how does it apply to a somatic symptom disorder?

Alcohol, barbiturates, and opioids are all in a class of drugs called _____________.

The gender gap in depression refers to the finding that ___________ (men’s/women’s) risk of depression is roughly double that of _____________ (men's/women's).

A person with schizophrenia who has ____________ (positive/negative) symptoms may have an expressionless face and toneless voice.

People with __________ _________ (anorexia nervosa\/bulimia nervosa) continue to want to lose weight even when they are underweight. Those with ________ _________ (anorexia nervosa\/bulimia nervosa) tend to have a weight that fluctuates within or above normal ranges.

The presence of a gun in a home makes it less likely that a family member will die. True or false?

Those with psychological disorders are more likely to be victims of violence rather than perpetrators of violence. True or false?

What criteria must be met for someone to be diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder?

Children with the highest intelligence scores tend to struggle in their efforts to become successful. True or false?

Two major disorders that are found worldwide are schizophrenia and ________ ________ _________.

A therapist says that psychological disorders are illnesses, and people with these disorders should be treated as patients in a hospital. This therapist’s belief reflects the ______ model.

Many psychologists reject the disorder-as-illness view and instead argue that other factors may also be involved — for example, the person’s level of stress and ways of coping. This view represents the_______ approach.

Most psychologists and psychiatrists use __________ to classify psychological disorders

A feeling of intense dread that can be accompanied by chest pains, choking sensations, or other frightening sensations is called

Anxiety that takes the form of an irrational and maladaptive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called a _____________ __________.

Marina became consumed with the need to clean the entire house and refused to participate in any other activities. Her family consulted a therapist, who diagnosed her as having _______ ________ disorder.

The learning perspective proposes that specific phobias are

After continued use of a psychoactive drug, the drug user needs to take larger doses to get the desired effect. This is referred to as ______.

The depressants include alcohol, barbiturates,

Long-term use of Ecstasy can

Near-death experiences are strikingly similar to the experiences evoked by ________ drugs.

Use of marijuana

An important psychological contributor to drug use is

U.S. rates of bipolar disorders rose dramatically between 1994 and 2003, especially among

Treatment for depression often includes drugs that increase supplies of the neurotransmitters __________ and _________.

Psychologists who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts in depression are working within the __________-____________ perspective

A person with positive symptoms of schizophrenia is most likely to experience

People with schizophrenia may hear voices urging self-destruction, an example of a(n) _________

Chances for recovery from schizophrenia are best when

Dissociative identity disorder is controversial because

A personality disorder, such as antisocial personality, is characterized by

PET scans of murderers’ brains have revealed

Which of the following statements is true of bulimia nervosa?

__________ (Women/Men) are more likely than _______ (women/men) to die by suicide.

Which of the following statements is true of intellectual developmental disorder?

Four most common drug treatments for psychological disorders

In psychoanalysis, when patients experience strong feelings for their analyst, this is called ___________.

Patients are said to demonstrate anxiety when they put up mental blocks around sensitive memories, indicating _____________.

The analyst will attempt to provide insight into the underlying anxiety by offering a(n) ______________ of the mental blocks..

5. Exposure therapies and aversive conditioning are applications of _________ conditioning. Token economies are an application of __________ conditioning.

Therapy is most likely to be helpful for those with problems that __________- (are/are not) well defined.

Those who undergo psychotherapy are_______ (more/less) likely to show improvement than those who do not undergo psychotherapy.

There are many acceptable mental health treatment approaches, but all therapists must follow _______ principles.

How do researchers determine if particular drug therapies are effective?

The drugs given most often to treat depression are called_____________. Schizophrenia is often treated with _________ drugs.

The drugs given most often to treat depression are called_____________.

Schizophrenia is often treated with _________ drugs.

Severe depression that has not responded to other therapy may be treated with __________ ______, which can cause some memory loss of the preceding hours.

More moderate neural stimulation techniques designed to help alleviate depression include transcranial ____ _______ stimulation, transcranial ________ stimulation, and _______ ________ stimulation.

A therapist who helps clients search for the unconscious roots of their problem and offers interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams, is drawing from

_______ therapies are designed to help individuals discover the unconscious thoughts and feelings that guide their motivation and behavior.

Compared with psychoanalysts, humanistic therapists are more likely to emphasize

A therapist who restates and clarifies the client’s statements is practicing the technique of ___________ ______.

The goal of behavior therapy is to

Behavior therapies often use _________ techniques, such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning, to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli

The technique of _____ ______ teaches people to relax in the presence of progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli.

After a near-fatal car accident, Rico developed such an intense fear of driving on the highway that he takes lengthy alternative routes to work each day. Which psychological therapy might best help Rico overcome his specific phobia, and why?

At a treatment center, people who display a desired behavior receive coins that they can later exchange for other rewards. This is an example of a(n) ________ _________.

Cognitive therapy has been especially effective in treating

______-__________therapy helps people to change their self-defeating ways of thinking and to act out those changes in their daily behavior.

In family therapy, the therapist assumes that

The most enthusiastic or optimistic view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from

Studies show that _______ therapy is the most effective treatment for most psychological disorders.

What are the three components of evidence-based practice?

Psychotherapies help people by providing _______, a new perspective, and an empathic, trusting, caring relationship.

Some antipsychotic drugs, used to calm people with schizophrenia, can have unpleasant side effects, most notably

Drugs such as Xanax and Ativan, which depress central nervous system activity, can become addictive when used as ongoing treatment. These drugs are referred to as __________ drugs.

A simple salt that often brings relief to people with bipolar disorders is _______.

When drug therapies have not been effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used as a treatment for people with

An approach that seeks to identify and alleviate conditions that put people at high risk for developing psychological disorders is called

Cialdini's Six Principles of Persuasion