Psych

What is the term for the conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential?

The specialized neurons that respond to specific types of stimuli are called _____.

What is the minimum amount of stimulus energy required to be detected 50% of the time?

Messages that are presented below the threshold for conscious awareness are called _____.

What is the term for the minimum difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between them?

Which law states that the difference threshold is a constant fraction of the original stimulus?

The way sensory information is organized interpreted and consciously experienced is called _____.

Processing that is driven by sensory information from a stimulus in the environment is called _____.

Processing driven by knowledge and expectancy is known as _____.

What occurs when we no longer perceive stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods?

The failure to notice something completely visible because attention is focused elsewhere is _____.

What theory explains the ability to identify a stimulus when it is embedded in a distracting background?

The distance from the center line to the top point of the crest of a wave is the _____.

What term refers to the length of a wave from one peak to the next?

The number of waves that pass a given point in a given time period is the _____.

Frequency is expressed in cycles per second or _____.

What is the range of wavelengths in the human visible spectrum?

In the perception of light wavelength is associated with _____.

In the perception of light amplitude is associated with _____.

In the perception of sound frequency is associated with _____.

Loudness is measured in terms of _____.

What term refers to a sound's purity affected by frequency amplitude and timing?

What is the transparent covering over the eye that focuses light waves?

The small opening in the eye through which light passes is the _____.

Which colored portion of the eye contains muscles that control the pupil size?

Which structure in the eye changes shape to aid in focusing light reflected from near or far objects?

What is the light-sensitive lining of the eye?

The small indentation in the retina containing densely packed photoreceptors is the _____.

Which photoreceptors work best in bright light and are sensitive to acute detail?

Which photoreceptors work well in low light and lack spatial resolution?

The point in the visual field where visual information cannot be detected is the _____.

What is the X-shaped structure where information from the right and left visual fields separates?

Which visual processing pathway is involved in object recognition and identification?

Which visual processing pathway is involved in location in space and movement?

Which theory of color vision asserts that three distinct cone groups are tuned to red green and blue?

Which theory of color vision asserts that color is coded in pairs like black-white and yellow-blue?

The continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus is an _____.

Our ability to perceive spatial relationships in three-dimensional space is called _____.

The slightly different view of the world that each eye receives is called _____.

Which monocular depth cue involves two parallel lines that seem to converge in an image?

The visible part of the ear that protrudes from our heads is the _____.

What is the technical term for the eardrum?

Name the three ossicles of the middle ear.

What fluid-filled snail-shaped structure contains the hair cells of the auditory system?

Which theory of pitch perception asserts that frequency is coded by the firing rate of a sensory neuron?

Which theory suggests that different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to different frequencies?

What term describes the difference in intensity between the two ears for sound localization?

Hearing loss due to failure in the vibration of the eardrum or movement of the ossicles is _____.

Hearing loss caused by failure to transmit neural signals from the cochlea to the brain is _____.

What are the five primary taste groupings currently recognized by research?

Where are the olfactory receptor cells located?

Chemical messages sent by another individual to communicate reproductive status are _____.

Which skin receptors respond to pressure and lower frequency vibrations?

The sensory receptors for temperature perception and pain stimuli are _____.

Pain that signals some type of tissue damage is called _____ pain.

What system contributes to our ability to maintain balance and body posture?

The perception of body position is known as _____.

The perception of the body's movement through space is known as _____.

Which Gestalt principle involves segmenting our visual world into a focused object and a background?

The Gestalt principle of _____ asserts that things close to one another tend to be grouped together.

The Gestalt principle of _____ asserts that things that are alike tend to be grouped together.

Which Gestalt law suggests we perceive continuous smooth lines rather than jagged broken lines?

The Gestalt principle of _____ states that we organize perceptions into complete objects rather than parts.

A motor or neural reaction to a specific stimulus in the environment is a _____.

Innate behaviors triggered by broader events like seasons or maturation are _____.

How is learning defined in psychology?

What occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together?

Which Russian scientist discovered classical conditioning while studying the digestive system of dogs?

In classical conditioning what is a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response?

In classical conditioning what is a natural unlearned reaction to a given stimulus?

A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a _____ stimulus.

A stimulus that elicits a response after being repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus is a _____ stimulus.

Using a conditioned stimulus to condition a new neutral stimulus is called _____ conditioning.

The initial period of learning when an organism connects a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus is _____.

What is the term for the decrease in a conditioned response when the \$UCS\$ is no longer presented?

The return of a previously extinguished conditioned response following a rest period is _____.

What occurs when an organism learns to respond differently to various stimuli that are similar?

What occurs when an organism demonstrates a conditioned response to stimuli similar to the \$CS\$?

Who is the founder of behaviorism who conducted the Little Albert experiment?

Which type of learning involves associating a behavior and its consequence?

The law of effect states that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are _____.

Adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior is _____ reinforcement.

Taking away an undesirable stimulus to increase a behavior is _____ reinforcement.

Adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior is _____ punishment.

Taking away a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior is _____ punishment.

The process of rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior is _____.

Reinforcers that have innate reinforcing qualities like food and water are _____ reinforcers.

What is a reinforcer that has no inherent value and only has qualities when linked to a primary reinforcer?

A reinforcement schedule where the organism receives a reinforcer every time a behavior is displayed is _____.

Which reinforcement schedule rewards behavior after a set amount of time?

Which reinforcement schedule rewards behavior after a set number of responses?

Which reinforcement schedule rewards behavior after unpredictable amounts of time?

Which reinforcement schedule rewards behavior after an unpredictable number of responses?

Which partial reinforcement schedule is the most resistant to extinction?

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is _____.

A mental picture of the layout of one's environment is called a _____.

Who proposed that cognitive processes play a role in learning through maze experiments with rats?

Learning by watching others and then imitating what they do is _____.

What are the four steps in the modeling process according to Albert Bandura?

The process where an observer sees a model rewarded making them more likely to imitate the behavior is _____.

The process where an observer sees a model punished making them less likely to imitate the behavior is _____.

Which famous experiment by Bandura studied children's modeling of aggressive adult behavior?

Which type of model fictionalizes characters in books movies or video games?

What is the term for unlearned knowledge involving complex patterns of behavior across the whole organism?