10Begins at surface, goes to ~11km/36k ft
troposphere
11between the tropopause and mesosphere
stratosphere
12Extends from tropopause up to 50km (31mi)
stratosphere
13Stratosphere temperature characteristic
temperature INCREASES with height
14Troposphere temperature characteristic
temperature DECREASES with height
15Mesosphere temperature characteristic
temperature DECREASES with height
16extends to 85km (53mi)
mesosphere
17Sea level pressure
29.92 in/Hg
18Sea level temperature
15C
19Lapse rate of temperature in troposphere
6.5C/km (5.4 °F per 1,000 ft)
20stable with very little tubulence
inversion alofts
21produces an inversion aloft
warm air aloft overrunning cold air near the surface
22a layer in which temperature increases with altitude.
temperature inversion
23Troposphere top height
36,000 ft
24Feature associated with tropopause
abrupte change in temperature lapse rate
25What is average dry adiabatic lapse rate?
3 degree C/ 1000 feet
26What is Moist adiabatic lapse rate ?
varies between 1.2 to 3 degree C per 1000 feet
27What measurement of the atmosphere can stability be determined from?
The ambient lapse rate
28Which of the following would decrease the stability of an air mass?
- warming from below
- cooling from below
- sinking of the airmass
- decrease in water vapor
29the temperature difference between an air parcel (usually at the surface) lifted adiabatically and the temperature of the environment at a given pressure (usually 500 millibars) in the atmosphere is called.
lifted index.
30The characteristics of a moist, unstable air mass are?
-
Cumuliform cloud and showery precipitation. - Poor visibility and turbulent air
- Stratiform clouds and steady precipitation
31 If an unstable air mass lifted up by mountains, what type clouds will be formed?
- Clouds with vertical development and turbulence.
- Stratus clouds with no turbulence.
- .Stratus clouds with considerable turbulence
32The correct statement regarding to a high- or low-pressure system are?
A low-pressure area or trough cause descending air.
33Steady precipitation before the front typically accompany.
- stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence
- stratiform clouds and moderate turbulence.
-
cumuliform clouds with turbulence.
34 Select characteristics of unstable air?
- Turbulence and good visibility
- Stratus clouds and poor visibility
- Turbulence and poor visibility
35Wisps or streaks of water or ice particles falling out of a cloud, but vaporizing before reaching the Earth's surface are referred to as
- Virga
-
Cirrocumulus clouds - Roll clouds
- A foehn gap
36What cloud normally accompanies with convective turbulence?
- Towering cumulus clouds
- nimbostratus clouds.
- stratus clouds
37 If unstable air with high-moisture content and very warm surface temperature is forecasted, The weather phenomenon will be?
-
Turbulence and cumulonimbus clouds - Fog and low stratus clouds
- nimbostratus clouds
38Select a characteristic of stable air
- Tubulent air
- Showery precipitation
- Poor surface visibility
- Cumulus cloud
39Which environment most likely to form radiation fog?
- Clear sky, little or no wind, small temperature/dew point spread, and over a land surface.
- The movement of warm moist air over colder ground
- Moist, cold air moving over warmer ground
40If the temperature/dew point spread is 4 degree and decreasing, and the temperature is 62°F, what type weather is most likely to develop?
- Freezing precipitation.
- Thunderstorms.
- Fog or low clouds.
- Rain showers
41Which environment most likely to form advection fog?
- Clear sky, little or no wind, small temperature/dew point spread, and over a land surface
- The movement of warm moist air over colder ground
- Moist, cold air moving over warmer ground
42 When moist air flows from a relatively warm surface to a colder surface, which condition will be likely happen?
- Visibility increases
- Fog
- Convective weather and turbulence
43Where is advection fog most likely to form?
- Inland plain
- Mountainous region
- Coastal region
44What types of fog form with a wind?
- Advection fog and up slope fog
- Steam fog and radiation fog.
- Precipitation-induced fog and ground fog
45 In which case advection fog dissipate or lifted to become low stratus clouds?
- Early morning temperature decrease
- Wind 15 knots or more
- Night radiation cooling
46What is the difference advection fog, radiation fog, and steam fog?
- Steam fog forms when moist air moving over a colder surface; advection fog when warm air over a cold surface; radiation fog is produced by radiational cooling of the ground.
- Radiation fog is located on land areas; advection fog is most common along coastal areas; steam fog over a water surface.
- Advection fog forms as windspeed increases up to 25 knots; steam fog requires calm or very light wind; radiation fog forms when the ground or water cools the air by radiation.
47Select correct statement about advection fog
- It will usually form at early morning
- It can appear suddenly anytime, and remain over the water for weeks, advancing over the land during night and retreating back over the water the next morning.
- It will normally form at cold water surface.
48Low-level turbulence and icing may be associated in which type of fog?
Steam fog
49Fog associated with frontal activity is due to the saturation caused by;
evaporation of precipitation
50Warm fronts can commonly cause which in flight hazard?
Precipitation-induced fog
51Precipitation induced fog results from .
- result from cooler rain or drizzle falling through warm air
- result from warm rain or drizzle falling through cooler air.
- Result from short convective showers
52On the lee side of a large lake which weather condition may be prevailing?
- Warm air flowing over a cool lake may produce rain showers
- Cold air flowing over a warmer lake my produce advection fog
- Warm air flowing over a colder lake may produce fog
53A flight is scheduled at sunrise. It is rainy now, but are expected to clear soon. The forecast temperature is 8 degree C, dew point 8 degree C, with wind will be calm. What would you expect?
- Radiation fog
- Advection fog
- Dense fog in the afternoon
- Icing
54Which environment most likely to form radiation fog?
- Clear sky, little or no wind, small temperature/dew point spread, and over a land surface.
- Moist, cold air moving over warmer gruond
- The movement of warm moist air over colder ground
55Warm fronts can commonly cause which in flight hazard?
- Precipitation-induced fog
- Advection fog
- Steam fog
56Turbulence that causes slight, rapid, and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness without appreciable changes in attitude or altitude, one-third to two-third of time should be reported as?
intermittent light chop
57Turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude should be reported as
light turbulence
58 Changes in altitude and/or attitude occur, but aircraft control remains positive, such turbulence should be reported as?
moderate
59 Upon encountering severe turbulence, what should the pilot attempt to maintain?
constant flight attitude
60Convective currents are most active on warm summer afternoons when winds are
light
61Which clouds cause the greatest violent convective turbulence?
Cumulonimbus
62 Standing lenticular clouds in mountainous areas produces
turbulence
63 Altocumulus Standing Lenticular (ACSL), indicates
violent downdrafts
64An almond or lens-shaped cloud which appears stationary, but which may contain winds of 50 knots or more, is referred to as
a lenticular cloud
65 Downward speed exceeds the maximum climb rate of an aircraft and may drive the aircraft into the mountainside at
across a mountain ridge, and the air is stable. Wind of 20 knots or greater.
66As these clouds frequently contains severe-to-extreme turbulence a pilot should avoid;
below rotor clouds
67Wind shear occur at
With either a wind shift or a wind speed gradient at any level in the atmosphere.
68Hazardous wind shear is associated with?
- Only high altitude associated with Jet stream
- Nighttime radiational cooling, along frontal zones, and when cold air is trapped in a valley.
- When unstable air crosses a mountain peak well above lenticular clouds.
69What often occur across temperature inversion layers, with high humidity?
- Strong wind shears, poor visibility due to fog, haze, or low clouds.
- Light wind shear, good visibility
- Turbulent air, good visibility, and showery precipitation.
70Hazardous wind shear is commonly occur?
Strong temperature inversion and near thunderstorm?
71How the windshear affect aircraft in take off and landings?
a rapid change of airspeed.
72Winds at 3,000 feet AGL 40 kts surface winds are Calm, clear, convective clouds in the afternoon, for approach to landing, you should maintain;
- Slightly increased approach airspeed for safety margin above the stall speed.
- Normal approach airspeed, no windshear is expected.
-
Slightly decreased approach airspeed to compensate for floating.
73 In a temperature inversion when the windspeed at 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the surface is at least_____ the windshear is expected.
25 knots
74The jet stream and associated CAT can accompany
long streaks of cirrus clouds
75The occurrence of CAT can extend to very high levels and can be associated with windflow patterns which produce shears; Select incorrect answer
- A closed low aloft, particularly if the flow is merging or splitting
- A sharp upper level trough, especially one moving at speeds greater than 10 knots.
- Below 15,000 feet in summertime above U.S.
- To the northeast of a cutoff low aloft
76Ice pellets indicate
There is freezing rain at higher altitude
77 What is the temperature below which there would be no aircraft structural icing?
-40c
78With some icing on the wing the approach speed should be;
faster than normal approach and landing speed
79Freezing of small, supercooled water droplets after they strike the aircraft, and most frequently reported icing type is;
rime icing
80When icing is observed, the pilot should (airplane with no de-icing equipment)
leave the area of visible moisture or go to an altitude where the temperature is well above freezing.
81 If tailplane icing or a tailplane stall is suspected, the pilot should
retract flaps and increase power
82freezing drizzle means?
there is warmer air at upper altitude
83When icing is encountered in stratiform clouds, it is recommended to
Change altitude to go above-freezing or colder than -10°C.
84Buffeting or vibrations after extending the flaps during icing condition indicate
incipient tailplane stall.
85True/False: Relative humidity indicate the actual water contents instead of how close the air is to saturation, so relative humidity is always constant regardless of temperature
False
86The amount of water vapor which air can hold largely depends on
- relative humidity.
- air temperature.
- stability of air.
87The temperature spread:
- decreases as the relative humidity decreases.
- increases as the relative humidity increases.
- decreases as the relative humidity increases.
88Every physical process of weather is accompanied by, or is the result of, a
heat exchange
89Why altimeter settings varies between weather reporting station?
Unequal heating of the Earth's surface.
90What is the approximate base of the cumulus clouds if the surface air temperature At 1,000 feet MSL is 70 degree F and the dew point is 48 degree F ?
91 If the surface air temperature is 92F and the dew point is 48F, the ceiling would be
92What is the approximate base of the clouds if the surface temperature at 2,000 feet MSL is 11°C and the dewpoint is 1°C?
93METAR report shows;
KATL.....27010KT 5SM HZ .....29/04 A2995 RMK RAE36
What would be approximate ceiling