1What are the most structurally complex molecules?
Proteins
2What are proteins polymers?
Polypeptides
3What are nucleic acids polymers?
DNA and RNA
4Name the 2 kinds of nitrogenous bases...
Purines and Pyrimidines
5What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose pentose sugar?
The lack of an oxygen atom in deoxyribose.
6What compounds does Purine consist of?
Adenine and Guanine
7What are the 2 types of pentose sugars?
Ribose and Deoxyribose
8What are the 3 basic components of nucleotides?
Pentose sugar, Nitrogenous bases, Phosphate groups
9What compounds does Pyrimidine consist of?
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
10How do nucleic acids synthesize?
By connecting the pentose sugar of 1 nucleotide to the phosphate group of the next, creating H2O, creating a Phosphodiester linkage.
11What are nucleic acids monomers?
Nucleotides
12What does the tertiary level consists of?
Interactions between R groups of the polypeptide, hydrophobic interactions, H bonds, Ionic bonds,Disulfide bridges
13How do quanternary structures begin?
From the aggregation of 2 or more polypeptide subunits
14What does the Quaternary level consists of?
Prosthetic groups (conjugated protein)
15Where are disulfide bridges found and what are their function?
Found in tertiary level, stabilizes the structure
16What needs to happen to a polypeptide for it to become a protein?
The polypeptide needs to get coiled or bundled up in order to be considered a protein.
17What are 2 types of secondary structures?
Alpha helix and Beta sheeted
18What does the secondary level structure consist of?
Segments of repeated folds and coils, H bonds, Polypeptide backbone.
19What are the 4 levels of structure?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
20What does an amino group look like?
H-N-H
21Name at least 3 prosthetic groups (conjugated protein) ?
Phosphoprotein, Lipoprotein, Glycoprotein
22What can alter protein conformation?
Alterations in pH, salt concentration, temperature.
23What is another name for protein processing or going through the 4 levels of structures?
Conforming
24How many polypeptides does hemoglobin have?
4 polypeptides
25How is a peptide bond formed?
Occurs when an amino acid's amino group loses an H atom and another amino's acid carboxyl group loses an OH to form water and create a peptide bond.
26What reaction is Amino Acids joined together by?
Dehydration reaction
27What else can a central carbon be called?
Alpha carbon
28What does a Carboxyl group look like?
OH-C=O
29What is another name for variable R group?
Side chain
30What is a basic amino acid group made of?
Central carbon, H atom, Carboxyl group, NH2 group, a variable R group
31At what structure level do polypeptides become proteins?
Tertiary
32What are polypeptides?
A strand of amino acids
33Proteins monomers?
Amino acids
34After a peptide bond happens what are the ends called?
Amino end (N terminus) and Carboxyl end (c terminus)
35Enzymes relate to what macromolecule?
Proteins