1"With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wound, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations." Who stated the above quotation? When was it stated? What was meant by the first three lines (With malice toward...bind up the nation's wounds)?
Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural—March 4, 1865, That the South should be allowed back into the Union w/o much punishment.
2What punishment did Southern leaders face following the Civil War?
Northerners wanted to punish them, but Andrew Johnson pardoned them in 1868 (Christmas present).
3What amount of money was lost by the planter aristocracy when their slaves were granted their freedom?
2 billion
4Which two legal bodies did Southerners recognize as the only ones which could grant slaves their freedom?
State legislatures or the Supreme Court
5A great migration of African-Americans from 1878 to 1880 (twenty-five thousand) moved from Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi to which state?
Kansas
6What became the focus of the black community life in the years following emancipation?
Church
7Which group of people came to help educate the newly freed slaves in the South?
Northern White women
8What governmental agency was created to help the overwhelmingly unskilled, unlettered, without property or money, and with scant knowledge of how to survive as free people?
Freedmen's Bureau
9What was the Freedmen's Bureau supposed to provide for the former slaves and white refugees?
Provide food, Which was the most successful program of the Freedmen's Bureau? Education
10What promise by William Sherman in Special Field Order No. 15 was taken erroneously by many freed slaves as a promise by the US government that it was going to deliver what to them?
40 Acres and a mule
11Who was somewhat responsible for the inaction by the Freedmen's Bureau? Why?
Andrew Johnson. Believed in the white-supremacist views (believed Tennessee should be all white)
12What was Lincoln's plan for reconstruction?
He had a 10% plan. It decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10 percent of its voters in the presidential election of 1860 had taken an oath of allegiance What did the Radical Republicans propose as their plan for reconstruction? They wanted a 50% state's voters oath of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln's.
13What was the bill called that tried to implement the Radical Republican plan for reconstruction?
Wade-Davis Bill
14What happened to that bill? Explain
It was "pocket-vetoed" by Lincoln. A pocket veto is when the president refused to sign a bill (with in ten days of receiving the bill) and Congress adjourns.
15How was Congress's opinion different from Lincoln's perception of the South?
Congress said that the South left the Union
16Why was Congress's opinion different from Lincoln's perception of the South important concerning reconstruction?
If the states left the Union, according to Congress they could only be re-admitted as
17What plan for reconstruction did Andrew Johnson favor?
10% plan. He called for special state conventions, which were required to repeal the ordinances of secession, repudiate all Confederate debts, and ratify the slave-freeing Thirteenth Amendment.
18What was the purpose of the southern "Black Codes"?
To try and keep the labor force needed to produce King Cotton and to restore as nearly as possible the pre-emancipation system of race relations.
19When most Black Codes were repealed, what type of lifestyle did thousands of impoverished former slaves fall into?
Sharecropper families (this became a cycle of debt because the former slave could never pay off his debt to the farm owner).
20What great transportation project was started during the Civil War?
Creating a transcontinental railroad.
21Why did many Republicans raise angry voices when there was a full counting of the free blacks in the South?
Rebel states were entitled to twelve more votes in Congress, and twelve more presidential electoral votes.
22What did Andrew Johnson announce on December 6, 1865 concerning rebellious states?
That they had satisfied his conditions for admission back into the Union.
23What Bill will be passed by Congress in March 1866, but later vetoed by Johnson?
Civil Rights Bill
24How did the Bill become law?
Congress over-road his veto
25Even though nullification was "dead" why did Congress follow through with the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution which mirrored the Civil Rights Bill of 1866?
They felt that it was needed in order to guarantee justice since the Constitution was the Supreme Law of the Land.
26What were the 4 aspects of the 14th Amendment according to the textbook?
Established the policy of Naturalization (who are citizens—solving the Dred Scott decision); 2. When a state denies citizens the vote, its representation shall be reduced; 3. Disqualified from federal and state office former Confederates who as federal officeholders had once sworn "to support the Constitution of the US; 4. Guaranteed the federal debt, but repudiated all Confederate debt.
27What were the election results of the 1866 Congressional election?
The Republicans had rolled up more than a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress.
28Who led the Radical Republicans in the US Senate?
Charles Sumner
29Who led the Radical Republicans in the US House of Representatives?
Thaddeus Stevens
30What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do to the South?
Divided it into 5 military districts. It required that the readmission of seceded states to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
31How did the Radical Republicans help bring about black suffrage in the South?
Passing the 15th Amendment
32What group was disappointed with this Amendment? Why?
Women—Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton; Why not take care of all suffrage issues at once...sorry you must wait 50 years ladies!
33Which great black leader said that this amendment must address black needs 1st?
Fredrick Douglas
34What principle did the SCOTUS case Ex parte Milligan (1866) establish?
Military tribunals could not try civilians, even during wartime, when areas where the civil courts were open.
35Who were the Southern "Redeemers"?
People who start to establish the "solid" South for the Democratic Party for the next 150 years.
36How many years separate black suffrage from women's suffrage?
50 years
37Between 1868 and 1876, how many black men were elected to the House and Senate?
16
38What was the name of the first black US Senators from Mississippi?
Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce
39What was meant by the Southern term "scalawag"?
Southerners who often supported the Republicans in the South
40What was meant by the tern "carpetbaggers"?
Northerners who had packed all their worldly goods into a carpetbag suitcase at war's end and had come South to seek personal power and profit.
41What group was founded in Tennessee in 1866?
KKK
42What Acts will be passed in 1870 and 1871 to counteract the KKK? Who was POTUS when these acts were signed into law?
Force Acts better known as the KKK Acts; Ulysses S. Grant
43How did the Tenure of Office Act limit the president's power? Why was this Act passed?
The president couldn't remove an appointee w/o the consent of the Senate. It was passed to protect Republican appointees by Lincoln.
44Whom did Andrew Johnson dismiss in "violation" of this Act?
Edward Stanton—Secretary of War
45What was Congress's reaction to this violation?
The House impeached Andrew Johnson
46Who has the power to impeach the president?
House of Representatives
47Once the POTUS is impeached who then tries POTUS? What be the vote total in order to remove POTUS from office?
The US Senate; 2/3 vote by the Senate
48Who is the trial judge in an impeachment hearing?
Supreme Court Chief Justice
49Why was President Johnson Impeached?
Violation of the Tenure of Office Act
50Was Johnson convicted?
No, by one vote!!!
51Why was President Clinton impeached in 1998?
Lying under oath.
52Was President Clinton convicted?
No, 50 senators (out of 100) voted guilty on the obstruction charge and 45 on the perjury charge. Clinton was, thus, 17 votes shy of being removed from office on the former charge in the Senate.
53What is better known as "Seward's folly"?
The purchase of Alaska in 1867
54How much was the purchase?
7.2 million
55Why did the purchase take place?
Russia did not want Alaska to fall into the hand of Great Britain and they had supported the Union during the Civil War.
56According to the text, despite good intentions by Republicans, the Old South was in many ways was more ________________ than __________________?
Resurrected - Reconstructed