Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1

The study of the structure of the human body, including physical relationships among body parts.

The study of the functions of the human body and how body parts work individually and together.

Anatomy gives structure, and physiology gives function; structure enables function, and function gives meaning to structure.

Inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion, dissection, comparative anatomy, exploratory surgery, and medical imaging.

The study of tissues using a microscope, also called microscopic anatomy.

Microscopic examination of tissues to identify signs of disease.

The study of the structure and function of individual cells.

The study of how different species function, used to understand human physiology and develop new medical treatments.

A Greek physician known as the “Father of Medicine” who promoted seeking natural causes of disease and ethical conduct in medicine.

A Greek philosopher who distinguished between supernatural and natural causes of disease and helped form the basis of modern physiology.

A Roman physician who dissected animals and whose medical teachings dominated Europe through the Middle Ages.

A Muslim physician who wrote "The Canon of Medicine," combining Galen and Aristotle’s work with his own, which became a standard for 500 years.

He performed his own dissections and published the first accurate anatomical atlas, *De Humani Corporis Fabrica*, in 1543.

He demonstrated that blood circulates from the heart and back again, founding experimental physiology.

It allowed scientists like Hooke and Malpighi to observe cells, capillaries, and tissue structure, revolutionizing biology and medicine.

The concept that all living organisms are made of cells and all bodily functions result from cellular activity.

A process involving repeated observation leading to generalizations and predictions, foundational to anatomical study.

An educated guess or proposed explanation that must be testable and falsifiable.

The principle that a scientific hypothesis must be testable and open to being proven false.

A harmless, inactive substance used to test the psychological effect in experiments.

The body's ability to maintain internal stability despite external changes, often through negative feedback loops.

A process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse it, maintaining equilibrium.

A process that amplifies a change rather than reversing it; used in childbirth and blood clotting.

Atom → molecule → organelle → cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism

The belief that complex systems can be understood by studying their individual components.

The idea that the whole is more than the sum of its parts due to emergent properties not seen at lower levels.

Organization, cellular composition, metabolism, responsiveness, movement, homeostasis, development, reproduction, and evolution.

Differences in sex, age, weight, diet, genetics, physical activity, and environment.

They detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to the brain to adjust heart rate accordingly.

Runaway fever, where the body temperature rises uncontrollably, potentially causing death.

Matter or energy moves from a region of higher value to lower value, such as pressure, temperature, or concentration.

A standardized international system of Latin-based anatomical terms created to eliminate confusion.

Because similar-sounding terms can have completely different meanings and affect patient care.