exam 1

protruding parts of brain

indents in brain

hearing

visual

space awareness and sensory processing

executive functioning

heartbeat, balance, breathing

regulates pain experiences, coordinates precise eye movements, relays auditory info from ears to forebrain

sensory relay station (except smell-amygdala)

controls behaviors that serve specific biological needs

amygdala, emotional processing

learning and memory

thick bundles of fibers that carry info, largest is corpus callosum

left hem= language right=visuospatial

intracranial recordings, EEG, ERP, MEG

PET, fMRI, fNIRS

what it feels like to have certain experiences, cannot be conveyed as first-person experience to someone else

influences thoughts and behaviors, makes stimulus seem special, part of conscious experience, interpreted as familiarity or accuracy of memories

broad set of mental activities outside of your awareness that make your ordinary interactions with the world possible

memory of a dinner outing last month

retrieval, reconstruction, or inferences

"this name seems familiar, so it must be someone famous"

people mistakenly believe they have observed-not just inferred-the process

not always accurate, based on generic knowledge

may be islands of intact tissue, damage may not affect all pathways from eyes to brain

subliminal perception: perception influences by unconsciously perceived visual inputs

engaging in a familiar/habitual motor movement that is incorrect for the current cognitive goal/context

skills in monitoring and controlling one's own mental processes

knowledge and beliefs about, awareness of, and control over one's own memory

reception of energy from environment and its initial coding via the nervous system

a set of processes we use to recognize, organize, and make sense of sensations received from environmental stimuli

translates external stimuli into information the brain can use for perception and cognition

what you see or hear (a book)

stimulus impression onto sense organs (retinal image of book)

our experience of these stimuli (recognition of object as book)

light to cornea to lens to retina

peripheral vision, for speed and movement

acuiting and color vision, in the fovea

from eye, to thalamus via optic nerve, to occipital lobe (Area V1)

ventral pathway, aids in identification of visual objects

dorsal pathway, aids in perception of an object's location

task of reuniting elements of a stimulus that were addressed by different systems in different brain regions

spatial position, neural synchrony, attention

attributes are registered as belonging to the same object if the neurons detecting these attributes fire in synchrony

objects moving at a constant speed across the frame will appear to move a greater amount if they are closer than if they were at a greater distance

pattern of apparent motion of objects, surfaces, and edges in a visual scene caused by the relative motion between an observer and a scene

processes that are directly shaped by the stimulus (data driven)

processes shaped by knowledge (concept driven)

recognition begins with identifying visual fatures in the input pattern

suggest that feature analysis is a separate step in perceptual processing from the step where detected features are combined

easier to perceive and recognize letters in context vs isolation

how closely a sequence conforms to the typical spellings in the language

feature detectors, letter detectors, bigram detectors, then word detectors

recency: detectors that have fired recently will have higher activation levels (warm-up effect)

frequency: detectors that fire frequently will have higher activation levels (exercise effect)

feature detectors, geon detextors, geon assemblies, object model

epiphenomenon: not related to the function of the system

mental representations are stored as symbols, not in the form of images

images are functional equivalent to original precepts (kosslyn)

directly proportional to the amount of "zoom" or "distance" required