1Used in detection of GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) BLEEDING
fecal analysis
2Routine fecal examination includes
Macroscopic, Microscopic, and Chemical analyses
3Collection of a fecal specimen, frequently called "a stool specimen"
SPECIMEN COLLECTION
4Collect specimen in
clean and leak proof container
5time specimen is required for
Quantitative testing
6Most representative sample for Quantitative testing
3-day collection
7Procedures for the recovery of intestinal parasites should always be performed
Before barium is used for radiological exam
8Stool specimens containing _____ are unacceptable
Barium
9intestinal protozoa may be undetectable for how many days
5 to 10 days after barium is given
10specimen should not be contaminated with
Water or urine
11Water may contain
free-living organisms
12specimen labelling
Patient's name, Identification number, physician's name, date and time
13Three specimen for normal examination
Two specimen collected from normal movements and one after cathartic
14should not be used
Cathartic with oil base, and stool softener
15LIQUID specimen should be examined within
30 mins of passage (fixatives if not possible)
16Soft(semiformed) specimen should be examined within
1hr of passage
17Soft (semiformed)may contain a mixture of
protozoans trophozoites and cysts
18all purpose fixative
fomalin
195% of formalin
preservation of protozoan cysts
2010% of formalin
Helminth eggs and larvae
21to help maintain organism morphology, formalin can be buffered with
Sodium phosphate buffers
22good stain for parasites found in feces
Merthiolate-Iodine-Formaldehyde
23used for permanent stained smear
SODIUM ACETATE-ACETIC ACID-FORMALIN
24to be used with fresh stools
SCHAUDINN'S FLUID
25plastic resin normally incorporated with SCHAUDDIN'S fixative - serve as adhesive
POLYVINYL-ALCOHOL
26Color for upper GI bleeding; iron therapy
Black (tarry)
27Color for Lower GI bleeding
Red
28consistency for fat malabsorption (lumulutang ang fats)
Steatorrhea
29Watery fecal material consistency
Diarrhea
30Bowel obstruction consistency
Ribbon-like
31Inflammation of the intestinal wall
Mucus
32Bile-duct obstruction
Clay-colored, pale
33determine cause of diarrhea
Fecal leukocytes
34bacterial intestinal wall infections
Neutrophils
35most frequently performed fecal analysis
Occult blood (old name- guaiac test)
36DNA test detects
K-ras mutation - associated with colorectal cancer
37Emulsified specimen placed on x-ray paper (digestion of gelatin)
Trypsin
38resistant to intestinal degradation (spectrophotometric method)
Fecal chymotrypsin
39enzyme form produced by the pancreas
Elastase I
40Clinitest is for
Fecal carbohydrates
41within 3 days, avoid eating _____ (to prevent pseudo peroxidase)
red meats, horse raddish, melons, broccoli, and turnips
42within 3 days prevent taking vitamin __
Vitamin C
43Least sensitive, most common test (occult blood)
Gum guaiac
44Test for Fetal Hemoglobin
APT Test
45separate hard lumps
-Very constipated
Type 1
46Lumpy and sausage like
-Slightly constipated
Type 2
47Sausage shaped with crack
-Normal
Type 3
48Smooth, soft sausage
-Normal
Type 4
49Soft blobs
-Lacking fiber
Type 5
50Mushy consistency
-Inflammation
Type 6
51Liquid consistency
-Inflammation
Type 7
52Fecal Occult Blood Test REAGENT
Hema-Screen Developer (<6% hydrogen peroxide)
53Fecal Occult Blood Test PRINCIPLE
Detection of pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin
54Fecal Occult Blood Test RESULT
Positive: blue
55Temporary stain the nuclei of protozoan cysts
Lugol's iodine
56cytoplasm stain color
golden yellow
57nucleus stain color
pale and refractile
58glycogen stain color
deep brown