Psych W1

assumptions, credibility, biases, evidence, conclusions

Titchener tried to use introspection/verbalism to classify mind

James studied mind functions in terms of adaptiveness for survivial

Watson and Skinner said it needs to be based on observable, objective data

Rogers & Maslow focused on needs, growth, and environments

science of mind

science of brain activity underlying mental activity

science of behavior/mental processes, way of thinking

nurture works on what nature provides

how humans are the same cuz of biology/evolution

how humans are unique cuz of genes/environments

Seligman, about thriving, not healing

integrates 3 levels of analysis

biological, psychological, social-cultural

adds to knowledge base

practical problems

help cope in general

diagnosing/advising people w disorders

prescribing medicine

improve community, not individual

survey, question, read, retrieve, review

Wilhelm Wendt measured time from when people say sound happened and they were aware of it

history is understood backwards

clear terms that can be replicated

how strong relationship is, -1 to 1

we think we can control uncontrollable stuff

fluctuating behaviors naturally return to average after extreme one

explaining everything (even deception) to participants

case studies, surveys, naturalistic observations

statistically combine evidence from many studies to enlarge sample

posting planned study and then its results for accountability & shared knowledge

bumps on head tell about traits

localization of function in brain

brain's ability to adapt from experiences, use parts for other than intended purpose

nerve cells, dendrites to cell body to axon in myelin sheath to terminal branches

worker bees for neurons, provide nutrients/myelin, clean up, more in complex brains

receiver strands on neuron

neuron's life support center

transmits impulses to terminal branches, can be feet long

connect to dendrites of other neurons

impulse, electrical signal

level of stimulation required to cause impulse (excitatory must outweigh inhibitory)

inactivity while neuron resets to resting potential

either fires or it doesn't, extent is how many neurons are fired

gap between terminal branches and connecting dendrites

chemical messengers that cross synaptic gap and fit into dendrite receptor sites

excess neurotransmitters broken down or reabsorbed, blocked by antidepressants

"within morphine" neurotransmitter

increases neurotransmitter action by blocking reuptake or mimicking neurotransmitters

decreases neurotransmitter's action by blocking productioneleaseeceptor site

neurons communicating via neurotransmitters

brain and spinal cord, decision maker

gathers info and transmits CNS decisions

cable of axons, links CNS w receptors

afferent, from tissueseceptors to brain

efferent, from CNS to muscleslands

connect sensory & motor neurons, most abundant kind

voluntary control, part of PNS

homeostasis, part of PNS, sympathetic and parasympathetic components

part of ANS, makes you alerteady, expends energy

part of ANS, calms you, conserves energy, allows maintenance to occur

automatic response to stimuli

slower communication system, hormones via bloodstream, longer-lasting messages

ANS orders them to make adrenaline hormone, which lasts a while

controlled by hypothalamus, controls other glands

destroying selective clusters of brain cells

electroencephalogram, readout of electrical activity waves via electrode helmet, detects change in response to stimuli

magnetoencephalogram, readout of magnetic fields created by neurons via head coil in neutral room

positron emission tomography, scan of where glucose goes via radioactivity

magnetic response imaging, scan of anatomy via magnetic field disrupted by radio wave pulse

functional magnetic response imaging, scan of blood flow, determines functions

funtional near-infared spectroscopy, infared light version of fMRI, portable

medulla (heartbeatreathing) and pons (voluntary movements/sleep), crossover point for nerves

sensory control center (not smell), sorts info, messages to medulla & cerebellum

on top of brainstem pons

arousal/alertness, sorts info, coma without

nerve network in brainstem

nonverbal learning, muscle memory, time, reading, voluntary movement, sounds, emotions, textures

behind brainstem, "little brain" visually

emotions/drives, border from new & old

amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus

limbic system, aggression/fear, bean above thalamus

limbic system, homeostasis, controls pituitary gland, under thalamus

limbic system, memory, declines with age, like headset

control/processing center

layer of neural cells around cerebrum

2 hemispheres w 4 lobes each

thinking/percieving/speaking

behind forehead, judgment/planning

topack, math/spatial reasoning

backottom, visual cortex

between ears, auditory cortex, facial recognition

frontal lobes, controls movement

parietal lobes, receives input (touch, temp, movement)

remaining 3/4 of brain, higher mental functions

producing new neurons (sleep, exercise, healthy stimulation)

axon band connecting 2 hemispheres

corpus callosum is severed, hemispheres function independently, conflicting experiences, functional life

words, language, complex movement, reasoning, verbal memory

spatial ability, facial recognition, non-language sounds (music), touch, simple movement, nonverbal memory, emotional content