1According to Reformed doctrine, is justification understood as imputed righteousness or infused righteousness?
Imputed righteousness
2Who wrote a classic 19th-century work on justification and was a minister in the Free Church of Scotland?
Buchanan
3What does 2 Corinthians 5:21 teach regarding double imputation?
Our sins imputed to Christ; Christ's righteousness imputed to us
4According to the lecture, why can't imputation of sins to Christ and imputation of His righteousness be separated?
They stand or fall together
5A student argues that Christ died for everyone's sins, but only some receive His righteousness. Which view does this represent?
Arminianism
6What is the pinnacle of the doctrine of salvation according to the lecture?
Imputation of Christ's righteousness
7What is the distinction between the nature of justification by imputation versus infusion?
Imputation = something reckoned to account; Infusion = something done in us
8What is the grounds of justification?
The righteousness of Christ
9What book by R.C. Sproul defends justification by faith alone?
Justification by Faith Alone
10What was the ECT document, and which evangelical leader was involved?
Evangelicals and Catholics Together; Chuck Colson
11Why did Chuck Colson approach R.C. Sproul about ECT2?
His wife was Roman Catholic and he wanted to bridge the gap
12What was missing from ECT2 according to the lecture?
Justification by faith alone
13What problem does dispensationalism create regarding justification?
Eschatology drives theology; soteriology neglected
14If you fight antinomianism without understanding justification, what error will you fall into?
Legalism
15A pastor preaches that because salvation is 100% by Christ's work, how one lives doesn't matter. How does Paul respond in Romans 6?
"God forbid!"
16Which area of theology is soteriology most closely related to?
Christology
17In Christology, what does the work of Christ refer to?
Accomplishment of redemption
18In soteriology, what is studied regarding redemption?
Application of redemption
19Who wrote Redemption Accomplished and Applied?
John Murray
20What text shows that the accomplishment and application of redemption are interconnected?
Romans 8:31-32
21What is the significance of Romans 8:31-32 for soteriology?
What Christ accomplished will be applied; He freely gives all things
22What does the phrase "buy and bestow" refer to?
Christ bought redemption and bestows it; accomplishment and application
23What does the phrase "accomplish and apply" refer to?
Redemption accomplished by Christ, applied by Spirit
24A student asks: "If Adam had not sinned, would he have been justified?" According to Buchanan, what would Adam have received?
Justification (if he had obeyed God)
25What is the error of only considering pardon without the basis for acceptance?
Half the gospel
26What is the real ground underneath the covenant of works?
God's faithfulness
27Was there grace in the covenant of works before the fall? Why?
Yes; man didn't deserve to be created or placed in paradise
28What is neonomianism?
The idea that God accepts something instead of perfect righteousness (e.g., faith)
29How does the Reformed view distinguish faith from neonomianism?
Faith connects us to Christ who fulfilled the law; faith itself is not accepted in lieu of righteousness
30What is common grace?
Every favor falling short of salvation that the undeserving world enjoys from God (John Murray)
31How does common grace differ from saving grace in terms of the elect?
Saving grace is only for the elect; common grace may be received by all
32Does common grace remove guilt and penalty of sin?
No
33Is common grace resistible or irresistible?
Resistible
34What is the purpose of common grace?
Preservation of the world to allow God to save the elect
35Name four means by which common grace operates.
Revelation, government, public opinion, rewards and punishments
36Name five fruits/ends of common grace.
Delayed judgment, restraint of sin, preservation of truth and morality, civil righteousness, natural blessings
37What happens when God removes His hand of restraint?
Sin increases, violence and lawlessness grow
38What are the three historical views of salvation?
Pelagianism, Semi-Pelagianism, Augustinianism
39Which view says man is healthy and doesn't need saving?
Pelagianism
40Which view says man is sick and cooperates with God for salvation?
Semi-Pelagianism
41Which view says man is dead and God alone saves?
Augustinianism (Calvinism)
42What is the difference between synergism and monergism?
Synergism = man cooperates; Monergism = God alone works
43In modern context, what name is given to semi-Pelagian doctrine?
Arminianism
44What category does liberalism fall into?
Pelagianism
45A Calvinist says "If God is fair, I'm going to hell." What does this imply about their view of justice?
All deserve hell; salvation is grace, not fairness
46What do the five points of Calvinism respond to?
Five points of controversy brought by Semi-Pelagians
47What is the central question regarding the "I" in TULIP (Irresistible Grace)?
Is there a special work of God in drawing sinners?
48What dangerous hybrid theology did MacArthur address in The Gospel According to Jesus?
Dispensational hybrid: Arminian gospel + eternal security
49Why is the hybrid theology (Arminian gospel + eternal security) dangerous?
Leads to antinomianism and carnal Christian doctrine
50What does an Arminian say to someone who fell away?
"You may have been saved but lost it"
51What does a Calvinist say to someone who fell away?
"You've never been saved"
52According to Gerstner, which category is inconsistent Christianity?
Semi-Pelagianism
53According to Packer, a Calvinist is a Christian who confesses in his theology what he confesses where?
On his knees when he prays to God
54What is the covenant of works?
Original relationship between God and unfallen man with conditions, promises, penalties
55What are the four elements of a covenant?
Parties, conditions/stipulations, promises, penalties
56Where in Genesis are all four covenant elements present?
Genesis 2
57What Old Testament verse explicitly says Adam transgressed a covenant?
Hosea 6:7
58What New Testament chapters emphasize the two Adams and federal representation?
Romans 5 and 1 Corinthians 15
59Why is the covenant of works important for understanding the gospel?
The gospel meets its demands through a new representative
60What did Satan envy according to Pastor Kimbro's speculation?
Man's position as God's regent over creation
61What would Adam have obtained if he had obeyed the covenant of works?
Dominion, presence of God, eternal life
62According to the lecture, why was the transfiguration a momentary outshining of Christ's glorified humanity?
He had fulfilled the covenant of works but not yet taken the penalty for His people
63What does the second set of tablets in the ark symbolize?
Blessings of the second man (Christ)
64What is the active obedience of Christ?
Christ fulfilling the law's positive demands, meriting life
65What is the passive obedience of Christ?
Christ bearing the penalty of the law for His people
66Why are the terms "active" and "passive" deficient?
Christ was never passive; He actively laid down His life
67What is the moral law summarily comprehended in?
The Ten Commandments
68How is the moral law bigger than the Ten Commandments?
It touches all of life, including things not listed
69How is the moral law smaller than the Ten Commandments?
It can be summarized in one word: love
70When Adam ate the forbidden fruit, how many of the Ten Commandments did he break?
All of them
71What is the error of reducing the law to a keepable standard?
Legalism (which is actually antinomianism)
72What did Jesus do in the Sermon on the Mount regarding the law?
Showed the spirituality of the law, not changed it
73What is the difference between the law as a covenant of works and as a rule of life?
Covenant of works = condemned; Rule of life = cherished guide
74What is the purpose of preaching the spirituality of the law?
To rob the self-righteous of their confidence
75What is the difference between mortal and venial sin in Roman Catholicism?
Mortal kills grace; venial is minor
76What is purgatory according to Roman doctrine?
Personal satisfaction for sins not fulfilled in life
77What is congruous merit vs. condign merit?
Congruous = works before grace; Condign = works after grace that claim strict equity
78Why does the Reformed view say faith is not a work?
Faith abandons hope in self and rests on Christ's work
79In Romanism, how is justification confounded with sanctification?
Justification depends on sanctification and works
80According to the WCF, what is the difference between justification and sanctification?
Justification = act of God's free grace done for us; Sanctification = work of God's free grace done in us
81Why does the lecture say we have more to fear from the right than the left?
Moral conservatives (like Pharisees) may reject justification by faith alone
82What does "antichrist" mean in relation to Roman Catholicism?
Instead of Christ (inserting someone else)
83What is the Auchterarder Creed controversy about?
Whether forsaking sin is a condition for coming to Christ
84What is the error of hyper-Calvinism?
Asking sinners to rest on perfect repentance instead of perfect Christ
85What is the error of Arminianism regarding assurance?
Resting on one's own faith, leading to repeated decisions
86What is the relationship between legalism and antinomianism?
They are the same error; both reduce the law to a keepable standard
87Why does the gospel produce both holiness and humility?
Holiness because of Christ's work; humility because we are undeserving
88A Christian says "I have to drink alcohol to prove I'm not a legalist." What is the heart issue?
Antinomianism producing worldliness
89What is the difference between sin having dominion and sin being present?
Dominion = ruling power; Presence = indwelling but not reigning
90What does "total depravity" NOT mean?
That every man is as thoroughly sinful as possible
91Does total depravity mean sinners have no knowledge of God or conscience?
No (Romans 1 and 2 show they do)
92What is the bond of the will?
Fallen man's will is in bondage to his corrupt nature
93What does John 6:44 teach about coming to Christ?
No one can come unless the Father draws him
94What is the Arminian principle that ability limits obligation?
If I can't obey, I'm not obligated – contradicted by Scripture
95What is the difference between conditional and unconditional election?
Conditional = based on foreseen faith; Unconditional = based on God's sovereign choice
96What is the meaning of "foreknowledge" in 1 Peter 1:2?
Foreordination, not mere observation
97What Old Testament passage shows God choosing Israel not because they were better?
Deuteronomy 7:6-8
98What is reprobation?
God passing over sinners and giving them what they deserve
99How does reprobation differ from election?
Reprobation is judicial (based on sin); Election is gracious (not based on anything in man)
100What is the nature of the atonement in Calvinism vs Arminianism?
Calvinism: real atonement that actually saves; Arminian: atonement that makes salvation possible
101What does "particular redemption" mean?
Christ died specifically for the elect, securing their salvation
102How does a Calvinist preach the free offer of the gospel?
"Whoever repents and believes will be saved" – a genuine offer
103What did Spurgeon say about limited atonement?
"Calvinism is the gospel" – he defended particular redemption
104What does "all" mean in Matthew 10:22 ("hated of all men")?
All kinds of people, not every individual
105How should "all men" in 1 Timothy 2:4 be interpreted?
All kinds of men, not every individual without exception
106What does 2 Peter 3:9 mean by "not willing that any should perish"?
Any of us (believers) – in context of the promise of Christ's return
107How does 1 John 2:2 ("propitiation for the whole world") fit with particular redemption?
"World" means believers from every tribe, not every individual; propitiation removes wrath
108What is effectual calling?
God's Spirit convincing, enlightening, renewing the will to embrace Christ
109What is the difference between universal call and effectual call?
Universal = external; Effectual = internal, gives life and ability to respond
110What does regeneration produce?
Conversion (faith and repentance)
111According to 1 John, what three tests indicate someone is born of God?
Doctrinal (belief), moral (righteousness), social (love)
112What is the perseverance of the saints?
Those truly regenerated will persevere to the end
113What does 1 John 2:19 teach about apostates?
They went out to show they were never truly of us
114What three pieces of perseverance are found in 1 Peter 1:4-5?
Kept by God's power, kept through faith, kept to the end
115What does Hebrews 6:4-6 describe?
People who experienced common grace and apostatized, not true salvation
116What is the difference between God's decretive will and revealed will?
Decretive = what God decrees to happen; Revealed = what He commands
117Is assurance of the essence of faith?
No; a true believer may struggle with assurance
118What analogy does Buchanan use for faith and justification?
Breathing and air; chewing and food – faith is the means, not the ground
119What is the ordo salutis?
Logical order of the application of salvation
120What is the first step in the ordo salutis according to the lecture?
Calling (effectual)
121Does regeneration precede faith or vice versa?
Regeneration precedes faith (causes it)
122What is the difference between the Arminian and Calvinist ordo salutis regarding regeneration and faith?
Arminian: faith precedes regeneration; Calvinist: regeneration precedes faith
123List the ordo salutis in order from calling to glorification.
Calling, regeneration, conversion (faith+repentance), justification, adoption, sanctification, perseverance, glorification
124What is positional sanctification?
Every believer is set apart, a new creation
125What is progressive sanctification?
Growth in conformity to Christ throughout life
126What is the key to yielding in sanctification according to Romans 6?
Knowing (union with Christ), reckoning, then yielding
127Who is the agent of sanctification?
The Holy Spirit
128How does the Spirit primarily sanctify believers?
By showing them more of Christ (John 16:14-16)
129What is the relationship between hope of glorification and present holiness?
Everyone who has this hope purifies himself (1 John 3:3)
130What are the three tenses of salvation?
Past (justification), present (sanctification), future (glorification)
131Is a believer more justified at death than at conversion?
No – justification is perfect from the moment of belief
132What is glorification?
Final transformation of body and soul at the second advent
133What does Romans 8:19-21 say creation is waiting for?
The manifestation of the sons of God (glorification)
134Where are believers who die before the resurrection?
Present with the Lord, but not yet wholly glorified (awaiting resurrection)
135What is the practical importance of understanding the covenant of works for evangelism?
It shows sinners their condemnation and need for a new representative
136A church teaches that God accepts sincere faith instead of perfect righteousness. What error is this?
Neonomianism
137A pastor says "You must stop sinning before you can come to Christ." What error is this?
Hyper-Calvinism (or works-righteousness condition)
138A believer says "I know I'm saved because I made a decision 20 years ago and I've never doubted." What might be the object of their faith?
Their own decision/faith, not Christ
139What would happen if a Calvinist denied limited atonement but affirmed unconditional election?
Inconsistent system; atonement would be ineffective for those elected
140Why do Arminians struggle with assurance more than Calvinists?
Their assurance rests on their own faith, which can waver
141What is the role of the law in sanctification?
It is a mapoad, not the engine; the Spirit provides power
142A Christian feels guilty because they still sin daily. How should the gospel comfort them?
Justification is not based on performance; indwelling sin remains but does not have dominion
143What is the significance of the two Adams for federal theology?
All humanity is represented by Adam or Christ
144Christian liberty is ________
freedom from the bondage of having to obtain my own righteousness through the works of the law.