1cell's function
cells perform the functions of 'life through various chemical reactions
2refers to the combination of chemical reactions that take place within it
cell metabolism
3 breaking down complex chemicals into simpler ones and are associated with energy release
Catabolic reactions
4building complex molecules out of simpler ones and require energy.
Anabolic processes
5Energy system
In studying energy, the term system refers to the matter an environment involved in energy transfers
6a measure of the disorder of a system
Entropy
7 laws of thermodynamics
The physical laws that describe the transfer of energy
8First law of thermodynamics
States that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant
9Second law of thermodynamics
States that every energy transfer involves some loss of energy in a unusable form such as heat energy
10Forms of energy
Kinetic, Potential, And free
11Free energy change in reactions
The change and free energy of a reaction can be negative ( Releases energy, exergonic) or positive (consumes energy, endergonic)
12All reactions require an initial Input of energy to proceed
Activation energy
13Chemical catalyst that speed up chemical reactions by lowering their activation energy
Enzymes
14a unique chemical environment that fits particular chemical reactants for that enzyme, called substrates
Enzyme active site
15enzymes and substrates are thought to bind
Induced-fit model
16Enzymes regulations
Enzyme action is regulated to conserve resources and respond optimally to the environment.