PT Human Anatomy Muscles Lower Extremities

O= anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest
I= iliotibial tract then Gerdy's tubercle
N= Superior Gluteal Nerve
A= hip abduction, hip internal rotation, and level pelvis
B= superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery

O= Anterior superior iliac spine
I= Pes anserine (superior part of medial
surface of tibia)
N= femoral
A= (flexed knee= hip flexion, hip abduction, hip ER) knee internal rotation, knee flexion
B= lateral femoral circumflex artery

O= Anterior inferior iliac spine
I= Quad Tendon
N= femoral (L2,L3,L4)
A= hip flexion, knee extension
B= lateral femoral circumflex artery

O= Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
I= quad tendon
N= femoral (L2,L3,L4)
A= knee extension
B= lateral femoral circumflex artery

O= Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
I= quad tendon
N= femoral (L2,L3,L4)
A= knee extension
B= lateral femoral cicumflex artery

O= anteiror and lateral shaft of femur
I= quad tendon
N= femoral (L2,L3,L4)
A= knee extension
B= lateral femoral circumflex artery

O= body and inferior ramus of pubis
I= pes anserine
N= obturator (anterior branch)
A= hip adduction, knee flexion, knee internal rotation
B= medial femoral circumflex artery

O= body of pubis
I= linea aspera
N= obturator (anterior branch/L2,L3,L4)
A= hip adduction
B= profunda femoris artery

O= sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and disks, transverse processes of L1-L5
I= lesser trochanter of femur
N= anterior rami of nerves L1-L3
A= hip flexion, stability
B= lumbar arteries

O= sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and disks
I= pectineal line and iliopubic eminence
N= Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-L2
A= hip flexion, stability
B= lumbar arteries

O= iliac crest, ilaic fossa, ala of sacrum, and anteriror sacro-iliac ligaments
I= lesser trochanter of femur
N= femoral (L2,L3)
A= hip flexion, stability
B= medial femoral circumflex artery

O= superior ramus of pubis
I= pectineal line and linea aspera
N= femoral and obturator
A= hip flexion, hip adduction, hip internal rotation
B= medial femoral circumflex artery

O= body and inferior ramus of pubis
I= pectineal line of femur and linea aspera
N= obturator
A= hip adduction, hip flexion
B= profunda femoris artery

O= inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
I= gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
N= obturator
A= hip adduction, hip flexion
B= profunda femoris artery and medial femoral circumflex artery

O= ischial tuberosity
I= adductor tubercle
N= tibial nerve (of sciatic nerve)
A= hip adduction, hip extension
B= profunda femoris artery, medial femoral artery

O= external margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
I= trochanteric fossa of femur
N= obturator (posterior branch)
A= Hip external rotation, stability
B= Internal iliac artery

O= ilium posterior to posteriror gluteal line, dorsal sacrum, and coccyx
I= iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity
N= inferior gluteal (L5,S1,S2)
A= hip extension (more in hip flexion) and hip external rotation
B= superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery

O= external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I= greater trochanter of femur
N= superior gluteal (L4,L5,S1)
A= hip abduction, contralateral pelvis stability, hip flexion (anterior fibers), hip internal rotation (anterior fibers), hip external rotation (posterior fibers), and hip extension (posterior fibers)
B= superior gluteal artery

O= external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I= greater trochanter of femur
N= Superior gluteal
A= hip abduction, contralateral pelvis stability, hip flexion (anterior fibers), hip internal rotation (anterior fibers), hip external rotation (posterior fibers), and hip extension (posterior fibers)
B= superior gluteal artery

O= anterior surface of the sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
I= greater trochanter of femur
N= nerve to piriformis
A= hip external rotation (when hip is extended), hip abduction (when hip is flexed)
B= superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery, internal pudendal artery

O= internal margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrance
I= trochanteric fossa of femur
N= nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
A= hip external rotation (when hip is extended), hip abduction (when hip is flexed)
B= internal iliac artery

O= Ischial spine
I= tronchanteric fossa of femur
N= nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
A= hip external rotation (when hip is extended), hip abduction (when hip is flexed)
B= inferior gluteal artery

O= ischial tuberosity
I= trochanteric fossa of femur
N= nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
A= hip external rotation (when hip is extended), hip abduction (when hip is flexed)
B= inferior gluteal artery

O= ischial tuberosity
I= quadrate tubercle
N= nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
A= Hip external rotation, hip stability
B= inferior gluteal artery

O= ischial tuberosity
I= fibular head
N= tibial nerve of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
A= knee flexion, hip extension, knee external rotation (when knee is flexed)
B= profunda femoris nerve (1st perforating artery)

O= linea aspera and lateral supercondylar line of femur
I= fibular head
N= common peroneal nerve of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
A= knee flexion, hip extension, knee external rotation (when knee is flexed)
B= profunda femoris artery

O= ischial tuberosity
I= pes anserine
N= tibial nerve (L5,S1,S2)
A= knee flexion, hip extension, knee internal rotation (when knee is flexed)
B= profunda femoris artery

O= ischial tuberosity
I= posteriror part of medial condyle of tibia
N= tibial nerve (L5,S1,S2)
A= knee flexion, hip extension, knee internal rotation (when knee is flexed)
B= profunda femoris artery

O= lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
I= posterior surface of tibia
N= tibial nerve
A= knee flexion (unlocks knee from knee internal rotation with NWB and knee external rotation in WB)
B= popliteal artery

O= Lateral Head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
O= Medial Head: popliteal surface of femur
I= calcaneus from Achilles tendon
N= tibial nerve (S1,S2)
A= ankle plantarflexion (more when knee is extended), knee flexion
B= posterior tibial artery

O= inferiror end of lateral supercondylar line of femur
I= calcaneus from Achilles tendon
N= Tibial Nerve
A= ankle plantarflexion
B= popliteal artery

O= posterior fibular head, superior/posterior fibula, soleal line of tibia
I= calcaneus from Achilles tendon
N= Tibial nerve (S1,S2)
A= Ankle plantarflexion
B= posterior tibial artery

O= posterior fibula and interosseus membrane
I= Base of distal phalanx of 1st digit
N= tibial nerve (L5,S1,S2)
A= 1st phalanx MTP and IP flexion, ankle plantarflexion, and support for medial longitudinal arch
B= Fibular artery, posterior tibial artery

O= posterior surface of tibia inferiror to soleal line
I= bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
N= tibial nerve
A= flexes digits 2-5 at at MTP, PIP, and DIP joints and supports both longitudinal arches
B= posterior tibial artery

O= interosseus membrane, posterior tibia, posterior fibula
I= navicular, all cuneiforms, cuboid, calcaneus, and based on 2-4th digit
N= tibial nerve (L4,L5)
A= Ankle plantarflexion and ankle inversion
B= fibular artery, posteriror tibial artery

O= head and lateral fibula
I= medial cuiniform, base of 1st metatarsal
N= Superficial Peroneal (L5,S1)
A= Ankle eversion, ankle plantarflexion
B= fibular artery

O= lateral fibula
I= styloid process of 5th metatarsal
N= superficial peroneal (L5,S1)
A= ankle everson. ankle plantarflexion
B= fibular artery

O= dorsum of calcaneus
I= long extensor tendons of digits 2-4
N= deep peroneal
A= extnesion of 2-5 MTP, PIP, and DIP
B= Dorsalis pedis artery (from anterior tibial artery)

O= dorsum of calcaneus
I= dorsal of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
N= deep peroneal
A= 1st MTP extension
B= dorsalis pedis artery

O= lateral condyle, lateral tibia, and interosseus membrane
I= medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
N= deep peroneal (L4,L5)
A= ankle dorsiflexion, ankle inversion
B= anterior tibial artery

O= lateral condyle, medial fibula, interosseus membrane
I= middle and distal digits of 2-5.
N= deep peroneal
A= ankle dorsiflexion, extension of digits 2-5
B= anterior tibial nerve

O= anterior fibula and interosseus membrane
I= dorsum of 5th metatarsal
N= deep peroneal
A= Ankle dorsiflexion, ankle eversion
B= anterior tibial artery

O= anterior fibula and interosseus membrane
I= dorsum of dital hallux
N= deep peroneal (L5,S1)
A= hallucis extension, ankle dorsiflexion
B= anterior tibial artery

O= medial tubercle of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
I= medial proximal phalanx of 1st digit
N= Medial plantar (S1,S2)
A= 1st digit abduction and 1st digit MTP flexion
B= medial plantar artery

O= medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis
I= lateral proximal phalanx of 5th digit
N= lateral plantar (D2,S3)
A= MTP 5th-digit abduction and flexion
B= lateral plantar artery

O= medial tubercle of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis
I= sides of middle phalanges in digits 2-5
N= Medial plantar
A= MTP and PIP flexion at digit 2-5
B= medial plantar artery

O= plantar surface of calcaneus
I= tendon of flexor digitorum longus
N= lateral plantar
A= flexes 2-5 digits at MTP, PIP, and DIP
B= lateral plantar artery

O= tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I= medial digits of 2-5 digits
N= medial plantar 1 lumbrical, lateral plantar 2-5 lumbricals
A= flex MTP joints of 2-5 and extend PIP, and DIP
B= medial plantar 1 lumbrical, lateral plantar 2-5 lumbricals

O= plantar cuboid and lateral cuiniform
I= sides of proximal phalanx of 1st digit.
N= medial plantar
A= 1st MCP joint flexion
B= medial plantar artery

O= metatarsals 2-4
I= lateral proximal phalanx of 1st digit
N= lateral plantar
A= adducts 1st digit, maintains transverse arch
B= lateral plantar artery

O= long plantar ligament of MTP
I= lateral proximal phalanx of 1st digit
N= lateral plantar
A= adducts 1st digit, maintains transverse arch
B= lateral plantar artery

O= 5th metatarsal
I= proximal phalnx of 5th digit
N= lateral plantar
A= flexes 5th MTP joint
B= lateral plantar artery

O= plantar medial sides of metatarsals 3-5 digits
I= medial proximal phalanges of 3-5 digits
N= lateral plantar
A= adducts digits 3-5, flexes MTP joints 3-5
B= lateral plantar artery

O= adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
I= 1st at medial proximal phalanx of 2nd digit, 2-4 at lateral 2-4 digits
N= lateral plantar
A= abducts digits 1,3,4 and flexes MTP joints of digtits 2-4
B= lateral plantar artery

O= L1-L4 transverse process
I= ventral edge of iliac crest
N= lateral branches of lumbar DPR
A= back extension, creates posterior shear force to counterbalance anterior shear forces

O= ribs 5-12
I= PSIP and ilaic crest
N= lateral branches of lumbar DPT
A= Back extension, lateral flexion

O= L1-L5 accessory processes
I= PSIP, L1-L4 via lumbar aponeurosis
N= intermediate branches of lumbar DPR
A= back extension, creates posterior shear force to counterbalance anterior shear forces

O= T1-T12 transverse processes and ribs 4-12
I= L1-L5 spinous processes, sacrum, and ilium
N= Intermediate branches of lumbar DPR
A= back extension, lateral flexion

O= L1-L5 spinous process and laminae
I= L1-S1 mammillary processes 2,3,4 levels above lower attachments (caudal from rostral), deep surface of erector spinae aponeurosis
N= medial branches of lumbar DPR
A= lumbar spine extension, stabilization, and neutralization of flexion during trunk rotation

O= 12 rib, L1-L4 transverse prcoesses
I= iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest
N= VPR, T12, L1-L4
A= 12 rib stabilization during inspiration, hip hiking, ipsilateral lateral flexion (during closed chain), and forms guy wire bilaterally to stabilize lumbar spine in frontal plane

O= angles of lower 6 ribs
I= angles of upper 6 ribs and transverse processes of C7
N= DPR
A= back extensions, lateral flexion

O=angles of ribs 3-6
I= transverse processes of C4-C6
N= DPR
A= back extension, lateral flexion

O= upper 4-5 thoracic transverse processes
I= posteriror tuburcles of transverse processes of C2-C6
N= DPR
A= back extension, lateral flexion of spine and head

O= lower 3-4 cervical articular processes
I= mastoid process
N= DPR
A= extension and lateral flexion of spine/head

O= spinous process of thoracic spines (starts at L2)
I= spinal process at cervical spine
N= DPR
A= back extension

O= spinous process of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 9-12
I= floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
N= thoracodorsal nerve
A= shoulder extension, shoulder adduction, shoulder IR

O= nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T3 vertebrae
I= 2-4 ribs
N= VPR T2-T5 and VPR T9-T12
A= elevates ribs

O= spinous processes of T11-L2 in posterior layer of TLF
I= 8-12 ribs near angles
N= VPR T2-T5 and VPR T9-T12
A= depresses ribs

O= Lateral inguinal ligament, anteriror iliac crest, lateral raphe of TCF
I= posteriror fibers (to ribs 9-12), lower fiber form inguinal ligament at pubic crest, other fibers in aponuerosis of internal oblique
N= thoracoabdominal nerve, VPR T7-L1
A= support and compress abdominal viscera, forced expiration, (Upper fibers) bilaterally flexes spine, unilaterally (upper fibers) ipsilaterally flex and rotate spine