문법/논리/독해 Random Quiz!

Prove Turn out

V2 (+) SC자리에 올 수 있는건 명사, 형용사. 부사로 혼동하기 쉬운 형용사 목록 말해보시오. 11개

Lovely Lively lonely / cowardly, earthly deadly silly costly timely friendly

3개
Keep calm
Hold calm
Stay lonely.

6개
go, get, come happy
The leaves run lively. An apple runs rotten
He becomes earthly. not before but...
Fall asleep

She seems to be a singer.
appear

2개
범인 proves you, turn out red

1) inform 2) remind 3) teach 4) tell
5) persuade 6) convince 7) assure

*tell만 V3 일 때 tell me
나머지는 inform of you.
remind of you, teach of u,
presuade of u, convice(=assure) of you

- show me the money
- lend
- owe 빛쟁이 bunt of money

- give me a hand
-Teacher hands students worksheets.
- Bring me a glass of water.
-get him my boy

1. 대부분 = (to )
2. for (위해서 해줌!, 정성)
- make cook send
- make me a star! -> make a wish for me
- cook stew for me
- send a letter for friend.
3. of 요청, 요구
- beg, ask, require
- I beg fulness of God
- Can i ask some questions of you?
- require peanut of a flight crew.

8
- hope to - wish to -expect to
-desire to - care to
- can afford to - would like to - tend to


6 미래
츄플디 프디민
choose to go or not plan to travel
determine to go promise not to smoke
decide to work mean to wake up till 6:30 AM.


5 예외 (부정)
fail to understand
refuse to schedule

I manage to reach the goal until dawn.
pretend to be kind
hesitate to try

9 / 3 ' 1 ' 2 ' 4 ' 5/ 7

9 과거, 부정
- practice deny / practice listening deny introducing
- resist stand tolerate 견뎌!!! 반해 ing!!!!
- Regret Risk Dislike Resent

resist (+) ing, stand (+) ing, tolerate (+) ing
regret divorcing
resent governing
risk speculating
Dislike pretending to

추천
recommend
advise

미룸postpone put off delay
인정 admit anticipate
회상 imagine, consider
피함 avoid evade escape mind
중단 give up, abandon finish, quit stop


예외
keep enjoy
appreciate allow

appreciate attending
recommend going to college
anticipate being responsible
allow leaving
advise not quiting working

keep enjoying
enjoy keeping

Merry me Join us
Resemble mom Inhabit Seoul
Influence people Contact us
Reach the goal Oppose his opinion

4 2 1 3

see. look at, behold, watch
hear listen to
smell (+V3)

notice, perceive, nerve

2. discuss the matter.
vt. discuss

현재완료 = 특정상태 유지중

같이 쓰이는 표현들
(1) 여지껏(지금까지) 시리즈 5개
- so far - until now - up to now
- up to this time - up to the present time

Have you stoked me so far?

(2)기간
[ in / over / during / for ]+[ the last / post 기간을 나타내는 명사]
e.g.) over the last two months, our company has gotten immense growth.

가까운 미래? 가까운 과거? 시제는 늘 상대적 개념일 뿐이다.

현재형 - 정해진 것. ∴번외)시간, 조건 문장 - *왕래발착: '정해진 것' 이므로 현재형 사용
과거형 - 어쩌라고 (단절)

완료형 - 상태 지속 / (=) 으~ I have eaten Lunch.
과거완료 - 더과거(대과거)
진행형 - 진행 / will보다 확실한 미래
*will ~ 할듯? be going to ~할거임ㅇㅇ

단순 과거형이 왔을 때, '어쩌라고'란 느낌이 들면 = 시제 익숙해졌단 Signal

목적 "위해서"
1. in order to v
2. so as to v

결과
1. only to v (대체로 부정. but 맥락 파악 필요.)

1. cannot(=never) without ~ing "(~하면 반드시 ~ing한다)" ~ing하지 않으면 ~할 수가 없다
The senior cannot attend meeting without girls' coming.
여자애들이 오면 선배는 반드시 온다.

2. Be busy (in) ~ing / with 명사
Tony is busy in doing his homework.
I'm busy with stacking homeworks. F

3. Be far from ~ing "결코 ~않다."
She is far from lying.
그녀는 거짓말과 거리가 멀다? 아 "결코 거짓말하지 않는다"는거구나!

4. Cannot [help / avoid / escape] ~ing
할 수 밖에 없다. I cannot help falling in love with you.

5. Be on the [point / brink / edge / verge] of ~ing ~하기 직전이다.
Mom is on the (verge/ brink, edge, point) of exploring.
* on =접촉 (어디 붙어만 있으면 쓸 수 o)
e.g.) on and on, on the brink, on the edge, on the floor

6. Have a [hard time / trouble / difficulty] (in) ~ing

7. be worth ~ing

8. There is no ~ing
There is no underestimating the impact of climate change on global ecosystems.

1. the last N + to v
- to v가 순서의 느낌을 갖고 있을 때 Tony was the last person to reach the rally point.
: to v할 마지막 N
- 순서개념 x She was the last person to lie.
: 결코 tov하지 않을 N이다.

like [be far from ~ing]

2. too to v
: 너무(too) ~하다. to v하기에는.
- not to v 를 부정. She is too old not to watch that movie
: 충분히 ~하다. to v 하기에는

- not too She is not too old to watch that movie.
: (문장 해석 전체)+'아니다'
∴ not의 위치 = 필자가 강조하고 싶은 포인트

3. go [so / as] far as to v
: 심지어 ~까지 하다.
You didn't go so far as to accuse him.
I didn't need to go as far as to take note hardly, but i knew it in a month. So communicate people about study know-how.

v 기죽게 하다, 겁먹게 하다
*(종종 수동태)기가 죽다
N. 겁, 위축

a. daunting 벅찬 (위축되는)

N. 목숨

ing

1. 동명사 2. to v 3. 대명사 4. 비교급
5. 전치사 6. 관계대명사 what 7. 조동사

1. 동명사가 그대로 오는 경우
2. 전치사 to 뒤에 동명사로 오는 경우 (to N)

1. 동명사의 관용표현
1) can't help ~ing : ~하지 않을 수가 없다.
= cannot but R.V.
= cannot choose but R.V
= have no [choice / option / alternative] but to R.V

2) be worth ~ing = be worthy of ~ing
: ~할 만한 가치가 있다
3) It is no use ~ing : ~해봐야 소용없다
4) There is so ~ing : ~하는 것은 불가능하다

5) be busy ~ing : ~하느라 바쁘다
6) go ~ing : ~ 하러가다 go fishing
7) feel like ~ing : ~하고 싶다

8) There is no ~ing : ~하는 것은 불가능하다
9) cannot (never) A without ~ing : A할 때마다 ~하다
10) have [difficulty / a hard time / trouble ] (in) ~ing : ~하는데 어려움을 겪다
11) be on the [verge / edge / brink / point ] of ~ing : 막 ~하려하다 (=가까운미래)
* verge, edge, brink, point = 모서리, 아슬아슬

2. 전치사 to 뒤에 동명사 (=to 명사(Ving))
1) contribute to ~ing : ~기여하다
2) prefer A to B : B보다 A를 더 선호하다
3) succeed to ~ing : 계승하다, 물려받다
3-1) succed in ~ing : 성공하다

4) be used to ~ing / used to / be used to v
5) with a view ~ing
= for the purpose of ~ing
= in order toRV
= so as toRV

6) be devoted to ~ing
= be dedicated to ~ing
~하는데 몰두/ 헌신하다

7) object to ~ing cf) oppose the project
8) when it comes to ~ing : ~에 관해서는

파해치다, 파내다

feel - felt - felt

get - got - got

The mountain is covered with snow.
This bottle filled with orange juice.
Are you pleased with the news?
Are you satisfied with this trip?

I was disappointed in you.
We were caught in a shower, so we ran. *소나기
I'm interested in majoring in engineering.

Mom is worried about you.
I'm excited about learning new subjects!

He is well known to all.
He is well known for his novel.
He is well known as a novel writer.

Wine is made from grapes.
The desk was made of wood.

People are surprised at the accident.

Japanese is spoken in Japan.
I can speak English
She speaks to me about homework.
The story spoken to me was interesting.

Many people were killed in the war.
많은 사람들이 전쟁에서 죽었다.

시간 부사절은 주절과 시제를 맞춰줘야함. [1]
*단, 시간(&조건) 부사절이 미래를 나타낼 때 = 현재시제 사용. [2]

N. 재난, 재앙

난파당하다 / 내던지다 낭비하다

a. 우연한 a casual meeting
편한, 아무렇지 않은, 평상복의
N. 평상복
casual employment
임시 노동자, 자유노동자

v. 인기를 얻다, 유행하다
That new style is beginning to catch on with young people.

catch on 이해하다
catch on to 말귀를 알아듣다
Catch on to new things faster.

v. insult ~을 모욕하다

abase = debase = degrade = demote

a. laudable
칭찬할만한

a.desirable
바람직한, 호감가는 / 탐나는

above all
무엇보다도, 특히 -especially

a. 어두침침한, 검은, 흐린
침울한, 우울한

다른 단체들과 세력들을 규합하지 못한다면

심각한 부상

to

the rumor

7개
1. 인칭대명사
2. 재귀대명사
3. 지시대명사 this, that, these, those

4. 의문대명사 who, whom, whose, what, which 질문할 때 사용)
5. 관계대명사 (문장을 연결)

6. 부정대명사 anything, anyone, nobody, everything (불특정 사물, 사람)
7. 상호대명사 each other, one other (서로간의 관계)

BS NS AF 때문에
-now (that) / Seeing (that)
-as / for

부사절 = 시간, 인과, 조건, 양보, 목적 등 부가적인 해석을 덧붙여주는 절

부사절(S+V) , 주절(S+V)
{(부사절 접속사)S+V}, S + V

"소위, 이른바" what is called
"금상첨화" what is matter
"설상가상" what is worse

"재산" 내가 가진 것what i have / what 주어 have
"지금의 나" (인격) what i am
"과거의 나" (인격) what i used to be / what i was

, 한정적 용법일 때
when -> at on in which / during which, until wich .... 多
where -> at on in which / under which, over which ....多

why ->for which
how -> in which

관계사 : 2->1문장으로 관계시킨 것(연결)

선행사 : 겹치는 부분에서 수식을 당하는 애

1. 소유격x
2 , that (x)
3. 전치사 that (x)

시조양 !

형용사 전명구
부사 전명구

명사절 역할!
- S
- C
- O *단, 전치사의 목적어는 X

있다.
있는데, (선행사 생략) 가능!

우리는 위험한 전세계적 전염병, 기후변화, 자원고갈 같은 새로운 현실에 직면해 있고, 서점의 선반을 채우고 있는 암울한
세계를 다룬 공급(책의 공급)이 새롭게 넘쳐나는 것은 우리 사회의 이러한 공포를 반영하는 것을 의미한다

~때까지

A도 B도 아닌

~하자마자

기능조동사 : '문법적 역할'
-Be Ving, p.p. / have p.p. / Do R.V.
(진행 / 태) (완료) (강조, 부정n't)
'인칭, 수, 시제에 따라 모양 변함 !

서법조동사 : '의미적 역할'
-Can, Will, May, shall, Must(should) + 뒤에 R.V.
과거) could, would, might, should + R.V.
완료) could, would, might, must, *Should + have p.p.

*"아~~~~~~~ 그랬었어야만 했는데!!!!!!" should have p.p.

"추측" (if, But for, were/had not for 가정법들)

as if 가정법
"마치 ~인 것처럼 한다"
그녀는 말한다 마치 그녀가 복권에서 백만달러를 받았던 것처럼.

1. cannot ~too 아무리 ~해도 지나침이 없다.
As a student, you cannot be too diligent in your studies if you want to achieve academic success.
학생으로써, 너는 네 공부에 아무리 근면해도 모자라다 만약 네가 학문적인 성공을 얻는 것을 원한다면.

2. can not help ~ing ~하지 않을 수 없다.
= can not (help) but R.V.
= have no choice but to v
= have no alternative but to v

3. May as well / Had better / Would rather + R.V. "~하는 편이 더 낫다"
<-> May as well not / Had better not / Would rather not

We had better book our tickets in advance to secure good seats.
They would rather take the train than drive to the city.
그들은 도시로 운전해서 가는 대신 기차를 타는 편이 더낫다.

판단 형용사
essential necessary important vital + that (should)R.V.
proper mandatory urgent imperative

주장, 요구, 명령, 제안, 추천 동사
Advise Ask Request Demend order + that (should)R.V.
Intend Insist Recommend Suggest Urge

명사
Suggestion Request order + that (should)R.V.
advice demand requirement


cf) 해당동사가 단순 사실을 말하는거면 (that R.V. (x)

오히려 B! ~라기보단.

="so great"

그 결과
*so that은 목적(위하여, 때문에), 결과 둘다ok.

V5대부분 tov를 O.C.로,
수동태 시 그대로 내려줌.

사역동사
-능동 : R.V.
-수동 : p.p. *let만 be p.p.
지각동사
- 능동 : R.V. / ~ing
- 수동 : p.p.
S 사역, 지각 O R.V. -> O 사역/지각 to v (by S)

have -> be asked to R.V.
let -> be allowed to R.V.

want order advise persuade
allow encourage adivise oblige
force cause forbid
get ask urge expect motivate would like

-consist 시리즈 (consist in, consist with ...)
- belong to
-result in / from
- suffer from
- graduate from

1. be p.p. 확인 (능/수)
2, 과 / 현 / 미will, shall, be going tov (시제 확인)
3. have p.p. 확인 (완료)
4. be/ been ~ing 확인 (진행)

1. It is said that he is kind.
2. He is said to be kind.

sit stand / exist , die (dis)appear occur happen
work sing ...

go come decline happen
snow rain
run fly work start
sail depart arrive

do (충분하다)
count matter (중요하다)
pay (이익이 되다)
work(효과가 있다)

rise sit lie arise

-완전자동사
-x 수동태 불가능.

be, remain keep,
hold stay ...

become, come get grow
go make turn fall
drive run

too ~ to v (o)
to v (x)

so ~ as to v (o)

reading
- to v 는 전치사의 목적어로 쓸 수 X

1. -can't help ~ing : " ~하지 않을 수 없다."
- It's no use ~ing : "~해봐야 소용 없다"
- There is no ~ing : "~하는 것은 불가능하다"

- cannot(never) A without B : "B하면 반드시 A한다"
- be on the point/edge/ verge/ brink of ~ing : "막 ~하려고 하다" (가까운 미래)
feel like ~ing : "하러 가고 싶다" (=would like to v)
be busy ~ing : "~하느라 바쁘다"
go ~ing: ~하러 가다
be worth ~ing : ~할만한 가치가 있다.
have difficulty/ a hard time / trouble (in) ~ing : "~하는데 어려움을 겪다"

contribte to N
prefer A to B "B보다 A를 선호하다
object to N
when it comes to N : "N에 관해서는"
with a view to N "~하기 위해서" (= for the purpose of / in order to v / so ~ as to v)

be accostomed to N (=be used to N)
be devoted to N / be dedicated to N

- 의주S동V
=명사절

-"~인지/ ~할지 "

"~인지"
-wheather은 whether or not (바로 뒤) / wheather ~ or not.(문장 맨끝) 둘다ok
-if는 if ~~~ or not. (문장 맨끝)만!

"뭐가?"
It is advised that everyone take water frequently. (가주어, 진주어 / - It 동사 that)
It is the support of my loved ones that keeps me going. (강조 / - It is 명사(구) 불완전 that 절)
It is my belief that honesty is the best policy (가주어, 진주어 / - It is 명사(구) 완전 that 절)
It is when faced with adversity and challenges that our true character is revealed. (강조 / -It is 부사(구) that)
It is crucial that we address the issue of climate change. (가주어, 진주어 / - It is 형용사 that)

날씨, 시간, 요일, dark/ bright,

is
-there은 해석x,
뒷명사 수일치 따라감.

while whereas 반면에
Even though, though, although Even if
-E.C. "<->"

"너무 ~ 형/부해서 그 결과 ~하다"

before, after / since / Until

as if, as though "마치 ~인 것처럼"(7양태, 가정법)
as though "비록 ~일지라도" (4양보)

when
-명사절 (의문사절)
-형용사절 (관계사-관계부사)
- 부사절

as
- 전치사 "~로써", "~처럼"(=)
- As 불완전 : "~처럼"
1) As be / As 조동사(기능, 서법) ...
2) As ( S+ be 생략) V
3) As 전명구/ As 부사절

-부사 : (배수사) as 형/부 as N
>배수사(twice, three times..) as 형/부 : "as N보다 더 형/부v한다"
배수사x 그냥 형/부 : "as N만큼 a/adv하다."

-접속사 : 시방이비양
"~하면서, ~때" / "~때문에, ~이니까" / "~에도 불구하고, ~이지만"(도치!-Interesting as the movie was, / Boss as he is)

As we go up, the air grows colder.(비례(양태) 접속사 - "~할수록")
As it was getting dark, we soon turned back. (이유 접속사 - "~때문에" )
Boss he is, he doesn't have experience in leading projects. (양보 접속사 (도치-무관사N, sv) - "~지만")
As could be seen from data, there was a significant increase in sales last month. (as 뒤 불완전- 1) as 조동사 "~처럼")
Tony is an English teacher, as is his mother. (as 뒤 불완전- 1) as be "~처럼")
As when a rainbow appears after the rain, her smile brightened up the room. (as 뒤 불완전- 2) as 부사절 "~처럼")
As in case of many illnesses, prevention is better than cure. (as 뒤 불완전- 2) as 전명구(부사구) "~처럼")
As shown in the owner's mannual, Clean the internal portion thoroughly. (as 뒤 불완전- 3) as V'p.p., ~ing "~처럼")
Her skin was as smooth as silk. (부사 :배수사x as ~ as N"N만큼")
Cats sleep twice as much as people. (부사 :배수사 as 형/부 "N보다")

(o)
lest (that) S (should) R,V.
= for frear that S should R.V.
"~할까 걱정되어", "~하지 않도록"

그는 상사가 듣지 못하도록 조용히 말했다.
-> should가 생략된 문장이므로, overhears가 아니라 overhear도 맞다.

If any N : "있다 하더라도, 거의 S V~않다."
If ever 동사 : "V라 하더라도, 거의 V않다."

-그는 다양한 다이어트를 시도해봤지만, (개선이)있다하더라도, 체중에는 거의 개선이 보이지 않았다.
-Tony는 (실수가)있다 하더라도, 거의 모든 일에서 실수가 없다.
-그녀는 (밖에 나간다)하더라도, 주말에 거의 나가지 않는다.
-Tony는 (마신다)하더라도, 술을 거의 마시지 않는다.

-무의지 동사 + to R.V.
(grow, live, awake)

-only to R.V.
-Never to R.V.
-so ~ as to R.V.
-too ~ to R.V.
-형부 enough to R.V.

"~때문에", "~이래로"

to

단어에 -or이 붙으면 to N * than(x)
-jounior to
-senior to
- Tony is superior to his friends in singing.

o
"더~" "평소보다 더~"
I ran faster before last weekend.

"~한 첫번째 N"
the first men ______ that beliefs control behavior.
1) who insist 2) to insist

-> the first men to insist that beliefs control behavior.

[혼합가정법]
[If 과거의 반대], 현재의 반대

If I _______ your advice then, I should be happier now.
1) had followed 2) have followed 3) did not followed 4) followed

-> 1) had followed

'명백한 과거 시점'의 부사

In 1957, the appearance of the first Soviet satelte had created a panic in the United Sates that continued for nearly a decade

(X) had created -> created
명백한 과거 시점을 나타내는 for nearly a decade가 있으므로, 과거형인 'created'