CHAPTER 13

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1
Process of cutting tissues into uniformly thin slices using a microtome?
Sectioning
2
Instrument used to cut uniformly thin tissue sections?
Microtome
3
Main purpose of sectioning?
To facilitate microscopic examination
4
Three general types of tissue sections?
Paraffin, celloidin, and frozen sections
5
Type of section prepared from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks?
Paraffin section
6
Microtomes used for cutting paraffin sections?
Rocking and rotary microtomes
7
Type of section prepared from celloidin-embedded tissues?
Celloidin section
8
Microtome commonly used for cutting celloidin sections?
Sliding microtome
9
Process of removing excess wax after embedding?
Trimming
10
Minimum thickness of wax surrounding the tissue during trimming?
2 mm
11
Process of trimming the sides, tips, and bottom of a tissue block?
Coarse trimming
12
Tools used for coarse trimming?
Knife or blade
13
Shape formed during coarse trimming?
Truncated pyramid or four-sided prism
14
Process of exposing the entire tissue surface using a microtome?
Fine trimming
15
Equipment used for fine trimming?
Microtome
16
Adjuster setting indicated for fine trimming in the PPT?
15 mm
17
Mechanism used to advance the tissue block during fine trimming?
Coarse feed mechanism
18
Part of the tissue block exposed during fine trimming?
Entire tissue surface
19
Finger used to pick up a cut tissue section?
Index finger
20
Brush used to pick up cut tissue sections?
Camel hairbrush
21
Flat tool used to pick up cut tissue sections?
Spatula
22
Forceps used to pick up cut tissue sections?
Flat-bladed forceps
23
Usual thickness of paraffin sections?
4–6 µm
24
Usual thickness of celloidin sections?
10–15 µm
25
Approximate thickness of frozen sections?
10 µm
26
Usual thickness of semithin sections?
0.5–1 µm
27
Usual thickness of ultrathin sections?
60–100 nm
28
Fault where the clearing agent turns milky when tissue is placed in it?
Incomplete dehydration
29
Reason water remains in tissue before clearing?
Incomplete dehydration
30
Remedy when the clearing agent turns milky?
Repeat dehydration with absolute alcohol, then clear again
31
Alcohol used to correct incomplete dehydration before clearing?
Absolute alcohol
32
Fault where tissue is soft when the block is trimmed?
Incomplete fixation
33
Remedy for soft tissue caused by incomplete fixation?
Repeat fixation
34
Fault where frozen tissue crumbles during cutting?
Inadequate freezing
35
Reason frozen tissue crumbles and comes off the block holder?
Inadequate freezing
36
Remedy when frozen tissue crumbles during cutting?
Refreeze the tissue block
37
Fault where airholes appear in tissue during trimming?
Incomplete impregnation
38
Remedy when airholes appear during tissue trimming?
Repeat impregnation
39
Fault where tissue shrinks away from wax during trimming?
Insufficient dehydration
40
Processes affected by insufficient dehydration that cause tissue shrinkage?
Clearing and impregnation
41
Remedy when tissue shrinks away from wax during trimming?
Repeat the whole procedure
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