histopath

What is the first and most critical step in histotechnology that terminates ongoing biochemical reactions, increases tissue strength, and inhibits bacterial and mold growth?

Preserving the morphologic and chemical integrity of a cell in a life-like manner?

What process hardens and protects tissue from trauma during handling and makes it easier to cut and process for microscopy?

What are the Objects of Fixation?

What is the mechanism in which a chemical constituent of the fixative is taken into and becomes part of the tissue?

What is the mechanism in which the fixing agent is not taken into the tissue but alters tissue composition and stabilizes the tissue?

What is the traditional volume of fixative?

What volume of fixative provides maximum effectiveness?

What volume is used for Osmium tetroxide?

What volume is used for Museum Preparation?

What pH range is best for fixation?

What temperature is used for routine fixation?

What temperature is used for electron microscopy?

What is the thickness of section for Electron Microscopy?

What is the thickness of section for Light Microscopy?

What osmolality usually gives the best results?

What concentration is widely used?

What concentration is ideal for Electron Microscopy?

What can be used to cut down fixation time?

When should tissues be fixed to prevent autolysis or putrefaction?

What type of fixative is made up of only one component

What type of fixative is made up of two or more fixatives?

What type of fixative permits general microscopic study without altering the structural pattern and normal intercellular relationships?

What fixatives must never contain Osmic acid because it inhibits hematoxylin?

What type of fixative preserves specific parts and particular microscopic elements of the cell?

What fixatives must NEVER contain glacial acetic acid which destroys mitochondria and Golgi bodies?

What is the pH of Cytoplasmic Fixatives?

What fixatives contain glacial acetic acid as their primary component due to its affinity for nuclear chromatin?

What is the pH of Nuclear Fixatives?

What type of cytological fixative preserves nuclear structures?

What type of cytological fixative preserves cytoplasmic structures?

What type of fixative preserves the chemical constituents of cells and tissues?

What is the process of placing an already fixed tissue in a second fixative?

What form of secondary fixation places primarily fixed tissue in 2.5–3% potassium dichromate for 24 hours?

What is the process of removing excess fixative from tissue after fixation to improve staining and remove artifacts?

It removes excess chromates from tissues fixed in Kelly's Zenker's and Fleming's solution? It also exess formalin and osmic acid

It removes excess amount of picric acid (Bouin's solution)

It removes excessive mercuric fixatives?

How thick should tissues be except lum edema?

How thick may tissue slices be in lung edema?

What is the most commonly used chemical fixative, with 10% formalin being widely used?

What should be injected before immersing the eyes in thefixative?

What method involves hard tissues being washed out in running water overnight and immersed in 4% aqueous phenol solution for 1-3 days?

What is usually buffered at pH 7.0 phosphate
buffer?

What is the fixative of choice for immunohistochemistry and interphase Fluorescent in-Situ Hybridization?

What is recommended for fixation of central nervous tissues and general post-mortem tissues for histochemical examination?

What is recommended for preservation and storage of surgical, post mortem and research specimens?

What is the best fixative for tissues containing iron pigments?

What is recommended for routine post-mortem tissues?

What is the polymerized form of formaldehyde that depolymerizes back to formalin when heated?

What fixative consists of 4% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer?

What fixative is made up of two formaldehyde residues linked by a three-carbon chain?

What is an excellent fixative for dry and wet smears, blood smears, and bone marrow tissues?

What alcohol is used for fixing touch preparations for special staining procedures such as Wright-Giemsa?

What alcohol preserves nucleoproteins and nucleic acids and is used in histochemistry, especially enzyme studies?

What is the most rapid fixative and may be used for urgent biopsy specimens?

What solution is recommended for frozen sections and smears?

What fixative can be used for fixation or post-fixation of large fatty specimens, particularly breast tissue?

What fixative is sometimes used to fix diagnostic cryostat sections?

What fixative is good for preservation of glycogen and micro-incineration and is used to fix sputum?

What fluid is recommended for fixing mucopolysaccharides and nuclear proteins?

What is the most common metallic fixative?

What routine fixative of choice for preservation of cell detail in tissue photography

What foxative is recommended for renal tissue, fibrin, connective tissue and muscle.

What solution permits brilliant staining of nuclear and connective tissue fibers?

It is recommended for congested specimens (such as lung, heart and blood vessels) and gives good results with PTAH and trichrome staining.

What fixative is excellent for bone marrow, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and intercalated discs of cardiac muscle?

What fixative is xcellent microanatomic fixative for pituitary gland, bone marrow and blood containing organs such as spleen and liver.

What fixative enhances nuclear detail for identifying normal and abnormal cell types in bone marrow?

What solution is recommended mainly for tumor biopsies, especially of the skin?

What fixative is traditionally used in electron microscopy as both a fixative and a heavy metal stain?

What fixative is good fixative and excellent stain for lipids in membranous structures and vesicles

Fixes myelin and peripheral nerves well, hence, it is used extensively for neurological tissues.
Preserves cytoplasmic structures well, e.g. Golgi bodies and mitochondria.

What fixative is excellent for nuclear structures such as chromosomes?

It is an excellent fixative for nuclear structures, e.g. chromosomes.

What fixative is recommended for cytoplasmic structures, particularly mitochondria, when acetic acid is omitted?

What acid is used in 1–2% aqueous solution and usually forms part of a compound fixative?

It precipitates all proteins and adequately preserves carbohydrates.

What chemical preserves mitochondria when used at pH 4.5–5.2?

What fluid is recommended for demonstrating chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures, Golgi bodies, RBCs, and colloid-containing tissues?

What fluid is recommended for studying early degenerative processes and tissue necrosis?

Demonstrates Rickettsiae and other bacteria

What type of fixative is recommended for acid mucopolysaccharides and fixes connective tissue mucin?

What type of fixative is excellent for glycogen demonstration and suitable for aniline stains and is highly expposive when dry?

What solution is recommended for fixation of embryos and pituitary biopsies?

What solution is sometimes recommended for gastro-intestinal tract biopsies, animal embryos and endocrine gland tissue

What solution is recommended for gastro-intestinal tract specimens and endocrine tissues?

What solution is highly recommended for preservation of glycogen and other carbohydrates?

What acid is an essential constituent of most compound nuclear fixatives and solidifies at 17°C?

What acid is used for precipitation of proteins and nucleic acids and as a decalcifier and fixative in microscopy?

What chemical is used to fix specimens at 0–4°C and is recommended for studying water-diffusible enzymes?

What solution provides a stable medium for transporting fresh unfixed tissues for subsequent frozen section and immunofluorescence studies?

What solution is not suitable for transporting cells for flow cytometry or for tissues used for fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH)